Littoral zone is defined as such a region of seas and oceans which experiences tidal and longshore currents and waves. The depth of such waves depending upon the intensity of the storm is estimated to be 5 to 10 meters. One of the characteristics of the littoral zone is that it has an abundant supply of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and sunlight.
The littoral zone constitutes a large number of species of plants and vegetation. The presence of living things is highly dependent on the degree of the exposure of the action of the waves on the zone. Mollusks, worms, and echinoderms are present in the sandy and muddy lower layer of the littoral zone.
Predation by one flour beetle species on another can be used as
In chapter 14 we have seen how a herbivorous stream insect controls
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Predation is one of the processes by which one organism exploits another
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Discuss how mathematical theory, laboratory models, and field experiments have
Explain the roles of food and predators in producing cycles of abundance
What evidence is there that variation in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is
