Definition of Point Mutation



A point mutation is a certain type of alteration that occurs in the genetic material either DNA or RNA of the cell. The alteration happens in a way that a single nucleotide base gets added, deleted or exchanged in the strand of the DNA or RNA. As we know that there are five different nitrogenous bases i.e. adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine (DNA) and uracil (RNA).

 


There is a specific sequence of these bases in the genetic material through which the information to carry out all the processes of a cell is encoded. It is possible that there may be multiple point mutations in a single strand of either DNA or RNA.

 


Example of Point Mutation:

Sickle cell anaemia is a recessive disorder in which the RBCs acquire a sickle shape which is unable to carry oxygen properly hence, the people become deficient in iron. This happens due to the substitution in the gene that results in producing the amino acid valine instead of glutamate.

 

View More Genetics Definitions