Polyadenylation is a process that initiates as soon as the transcription of a gene ends. The 3’ end of the newly synthesized mRNA undergoes cleavage which is brought about by a set of proteins. These proteins serve the purpose of forming a structure at the 3’ end of the molecule which is composed of numerous adenine molecules. This structure is termed as a polyA tail.
The proteins can also add polyA tail at other possible sites too in some genes. In this way, this can be said that polyadenylation has the ability to produce many transcripts from a single gene. In the case of prokaryotes, the fewer molecules of mRNA are polyadenylated and their polyA tails are typically shorter. The polyA tail is responsible for the process of translation, for imparting stability to the mRNA molecule, and for nuclear export. With time, the tail gets shorter and eventually leads to the degradation of the mRNA.
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