Question: 1. A ______ is synthesized from cholesterol

> Unrelated species in geographically separated parts of a biome may resemble one another as a result of ________. a. morphological divergence b. morphological convergence c. resource partitioning d. coevolution

> What biome borders on boreal forest? a. savanna b. taiga c. tundra d. chaparral

> If a mammal injures its leg, the resulting pain discourages the animal from putting too much weight on the leg while it is healing. An injured insect shows no such shielding response when its leg is injured. Some have cited the lack of such a shielding r

> Which is a somatic sensation? a. taste b. smell c. touch d. hearing e. a through c f. all of the above

> Most bats eat insects or fruit. Vampire bats, however, suck blood from birds or mammals. Like some snakes, and unlike any other mammals, vampire bats have thermoreceptors that can detect body heat given off by prey. Is the heat-detecting ability of vampi

> ______ is defined as a decrease in the response to an ongoing stimulus. a. Perception b. Visual accommodation c. Sensory adaptation d. Somatic sensation

> A compound extracted from the leaves of the shrub Stevia rebaudiana shows promise as a natural sugar substitute. The compound is 300 times sweeter than sugar, but it also has a slight bitter aftertaste. Given what you know about taste receptors, explain

> The pain of heartburn is an example of a ______. a. somatic sensation b. visceral sensation c. sensory adaptation d. spinal reflex

> Like other nocturnal carnivores, the ferret shown in Figure 33.14 has light-reflecting material in its choroid. Explain why the presence of reflective material in this layer of the eye maximizes the degree to which light excites photoreceptors. Explain a

> Male aggression is rare in bonobo society and common in chimpanzee society. Various authors have argued that either one species or the other should be considered a model for “natural” human behavior. Explain why, from the standpoint of relatedness, there

> Unlike Archaeopteryx, modern birds have ______. a. a long bony tail b. a toothless beak c. a two-chambered heart d. feathers

> Turtles, lizards, and birds belong to one major lineage of amniotes, and ______ belong to another. a. sharks b. frogs and toads c. mammals d. salamanders

> Corals rely on symbiotic ________ for sugars. a. fungi b. amoebas c. dinoflagellates d. green algae

> Tetrapods evolved from ______. a. sharks b. teleosts c. lobe-finned fishes d. placoderms

> Both cartilaginous and bony fishes have ______. a. jaws b. a bony skeleton c. lungs d. a swim bladder e. a four-chambered heart f. all of the above

> The ecological footprint of a person in the United States is about ________ that of a person in India. a. half b. twice c. one-ninth d. nine times

> All members of a cohort are the same ________. a. sex b. size c. age d. weight

> For a given species, the maximum rate of increase per individual under ideal conditions is its ______. a. biotic potential b. carrying capacity c. life history pattern d. age structure

> A population of worms is growing exponentially in a compost heap. Thirty days ago there were 300 worms and now there are 600. How many worms will there be 30 days from now, assuming conditions remain constant and resources are unlimited? a. 1,200 b. 1,60

> Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a pond. The following week, 200 fish are caught and 100 of them have marks. There are about _________ fish in this pond. a. 200 b. 300 c. 400 d. 2,000

> Most commonly, individuals of a population show a _______ distribution within their habitat. a. clumped b. random c. nearly uniform d. none of the above

> When researchers moved guppies from populations preyed on by cichlids to a habitat with killifish, the life histories of the transplanted guppies evolved. They came to resemble those of guppy populations preyed on by killifish. Males became gaudier; some

> A ______ is a change in the rate of random movement in response to a specific stimulus. a. epigenetic trait b. taxis c. kinesis d. migration

> Chemoautotrophic bacteria and archaea are the primary producers for food webs _______. a. in mangrove wetlands b. at seamounts c. on coral reefs d. at hydrothermal vents

> A honeybee worker is a _________. a. fertile female b. sterile female c. fertile male d. sterile male

> Helping other individuals at a reproductive cost to oneself might be adaptive if those helped are ________. a. members of another species b. competitors for mates c. close relatives d. counterfeit signalers

> Generally, living in a social group costs the individual in terms of _______. a. competition for food, other resources b. vulnerability to contagious diseases c. competition for mates d. all of the above

> In most ________, males and females cooperate in care of the young. a. mammals b. birds c. insects d. all of the above

> A ______ is a chemical that conveys information between individuals of the same species. a. pheromone b. neurotransmitter c. hormone d. all of the above

> The honeybee dance language transmits information about distance to food by way of ________ signals. a. tactile b. chemical c. acoustical d. visual

> An animal that navigates by the stars needs ______. a. an ability to sense Earth’s magnetic field b. pheromone receptors c. an internal clock d. an acute sense of hearing

> Section 1.6 described how a peacock butterfly will, when threatened, open its wings to reveal two large eyespots that are hidden when the butterfly is at rest. By one hypothesis, eyespots frighten a predatory bird by mimicking the eyes of the birdâ

> Section 1.6 described how a peacock butterfly will, when threatened, open its wings to reveal two large eyespots that are hidden when the butterfly is at rest. By one hypothesis, eyespots frighten a predatory bird by mimicking the eyes of the birdâ

> Section 1.6 described how a peacock butterfly will, when threatened, open its wings to reveal two large eyespots that are hidden when the butterfly is at rest. By one hypothesis, eyespots frighten a predatory bird by mimicking the eyes of the birdâ

> Warm, still water holds ______ oxygen than cold, fast-flowing water. a. more b. less

> For billions of years, the only bright objects in the night sky were stars or the moon. Night-flying moths used them to navigate in a straight line. Today, the instinct to fly toward bright objects causes moths to exhaust themselves fluttering around str

> Photosynthesis sustains plant growth, and inputs of sunlight sustain photosynthesis. Why, then, do seedlings that germinate in a fully darkened room grow taller than seedlings of the same species that germinate in full sun?

> 1. An important difference between plant development and animal development is that ______. a. only plant development depends on hormones b. plants continue to develop throughout their lifetime c. animals, but not plants, have a circulatory system 2. __

> Professional gardeners often soak seeds in hydrogen peroxide before planting them. Why?

> Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scen

> Vertebrate jaws evolved from _______. a. gill supports b. ribs c. scales d. teeth

> Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scen

> Why is it more difficult to determine the sex of a newly hatched canary than a newborn puppy?

> If a plant’s stomata are made to stay open at all times, or closed at all times, it will die. Why?

> True or false? All hormones secreted by arthropods such as crabs and insects are also secreted by vertebrates.

> Biome distribution depends on __________. a. climate b. elevation c. soils d. all of the above

> An ______ species has population levels so low it is at great risk of extinction in the near future. a. endemic b. endangered c. indicator d. exotic

> The _______ has endocrine and exocrine functions. a. hypothalamus b. parathyroid gland c. pineal gland d. pancreas

> Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus cause secretion of hormones by the ______ pituitary lobe. a. anterior b. posterior

> A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose consciousness. Explain why injecting excess insulin could impair brain function. Glucagon reverses this effect. Explain how.

> Women who have been blind since birth almost never have breast cancer. A high level of one specific hormone is though to contribute to their low cancer rate. Which hormone is it and why are levels of this hormone unusually high in the blind?

> When you dig up a plant to move it from one spot to another, the plant is more likely to survive if some of the soil around the roots is transferred to the new location along with the plant. Make a hypothesis that explains this observation, and then desi

> Decomposing organic matter in soil is called ______. a. clay b. humus c. topsoil d. silt e. sand f. leaching

> Which organelle in brown adipose tissue gives this tissue its heightened capacity to produce heat? a. mitochondria b. endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi bodies d. ribosomes

> Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDA’s organic label (right), food must be produced without synthetic pesticides that farmers often use on conventionally grown fruits, vegetables, and many grains. Chensheng Lu of Em

> To carry the USDA’s organic label (right), food must be produced without synthetic pesticides that farmers often use on conventionally grown fruits, vegetables, and many grains. Chensheng Lu of Emory University used urine testing to see

> _______ have a deep layer of humus-rich topsoil. a. Deserts b. Grasslands c. Rain forests d. Seamounts

> 1. An insect’s _________ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its gut. a. nephridia b. nephrons c. Malpighian tubules d. contractile vacuoles 2. Bowman’s capsule, the start of the tubular part of a nephron, is located in the ________. a. renal cortex b. renal

> Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDA’s organic label (right), food must be produced without synthetic pesticides that farmers often use on conventionally grown fruits, vegetables, and many grains. Chensheng Lu of Em

> You just returned home from a three-day vacation. Your severely wilted plants tell you they were not watered before you left. Use the cohesion–tension theory of water transport to explain what happened to them.

> 1. The main source(s) of hydrogen and oxygen for plants is (are) ______. a. soil and air b. water and soil c. water and fertilizer d. water and air 2. The nutrition of some plants depends on a mutually beneficial association between a root and a fungus.

> Nitrogen deficiency stunts plant growth and causes leaves to turn yellow and then die. Why does nitrogen deficiency cause these symptoms? Hint: Think about which biological molecules incorporate nitrogen atoms.

> Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scen

> Controlling for body size, would you expect a flightless bird to produce eggs that are larger than, smaller than, or the same size as eggs produced by a bird that flies? Explain your reasoning?v

> List the four distinguishing chordate traits.

> Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scen

> With negative feedback, detection of a change brings about a response that ______ the change. a. reverses b. accelerates c. has no effect on d. mimics

> The Gulf Stream is a current that flows ______ along the _______ coast of the United States. a. north to south; east b. north to south; west c. south to north; east d. south to north; west

> The most abundant protein in your body is ______. a. melanin b. elastin c. collagen d. keratin

> Cancers most commonly arise in tissue. a. epithelial b. muscle c. nervous d. connective

> Tears are an _______ secretion released by specialized _______ tissue cells. a. endocrine/epithelial b. endocrine/connective c. exocrine/epithelial d. exocrine/connective

> ______ increase the surface area of some epithelial cells. a. Microfilaments b. Microvilli c. Gap junctions d. Adhering junctions

> ____ from a motor neuron excites a muscle fiber. a. Ach b. GABA c. calcium d. phosphate

> A motor unit is _______. a. a muscle and the bone it moves b. two muscles that work in opposition c. the amount a muscle shortens during contraction d. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

> A sarcomere shortens when ________. a. thick filaments shorten b. thin filaments shorten c. both thick and thin filaments shorten d. none of the above

> In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP activate ______. a. actin c. troponin b. myosin d. Z bands

> The ________ attaches to the pelvic girdle. a. radius b. sternum c. femur d. tibia

> A ligament connects _______. a. bones at a joint b. a muscle to a bone c. a muscle to a tendon d. a tendon to bone

> A rain shadow is a reduction in rainfall ________. a. on the inland side of a coastal mountain range b. during an El Niño event c. that results from global warming

> 1. Bones are ______. a. mineral reservoirs b. skeletal muscle’s partners c. sites where blood cells form d. all of the above 2. Bones move when _____ muscles contract. a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth d. all of the above 3. The _______ is the basic uni

> After death, calcium pumps no longer function and the calcium ion concentration of muscle fiber cytoplasm increases. The result is rigor mortis—a state of postmortem muscle contraction. Explain why this contraction occurs and why it ends only when myosin

> Match each organ with its digestive function in humans. - gallbladder _ salivary gland colon a. final stop for digestive waste b. makes bile c. compacts undigested residues liver - esophagus . rectum stomach d. adds enzymes to small intestine e. del

> ________ is (are) a good source of omega-3 fatty acids that can reduce the risk of heart disease. a. Oatmeal b. Legumes c. Fish d. Corn syrup

> Iron is the ______ most often deficient in the diet. a. macronutrient b. vitamin c. mineral d. enzyme

> The low pH of the ________ aids in protein digestion. a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. esophagus

> Bacteria in the ______ make essential vitamins. a. stomach b. small intestine c. colon d. esophagus

> A pregnancy test detects ______ in the urine. a. lysozyme b. prolactin c. oxytocin d. human chorionic gonadotropin

> _____ removes webs between developing digits. a. Gastrulation b. Cleavage c. Apoptosis d. Implantation

> Pharyngeal arches of a human embryo will later develop into ______. a. gills b. lungs c. structures of the head and neck

> Warm air ______ and it holds _______ water than cold air. a. sinks; less b. rises; less c. sinks; more d. rises; more

> Human milk contains __________. a. sugars b. lysozyme c. antibodies d. all of the above

> During the fetal period, ______. a. gastrulation ends b. somites form c. a tail forms d. limb movements begin

> The placenta consists of ______. a. embryonic tissue b. maternal tissue c. paternal tissue d. a combination of a and b

> The ________, a fluid-filled sac, surrounds and protects a human embryo and keeps it from drying out. a. amnion b. allantois c. yolk sac d. chorion

> In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the ______. a. vagina b. uterus c. cervix d. oviduct

> Carrying multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.16 shows the results of Yiwei Tang’s study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1996 to 2000. Tang compared th

> Carrying multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.16 shows the results of Yiwei Tang’s study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1996 to 2000. Tang compared th

> The outermost germ layer in a vertebrate gastrula is The ______. a. endoderm b. ectoderm c. mesoderm d. dermis

> Carrying multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.16 shows the results of Yiwei Tang’s study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1996 to 2000. Tang compared th

> The end product of cleavage is a ______. a. gamete b. blastula c. gastrula d. zygote