Hair is an appendage of the skin that grows out of an organ known as the hair ________. 2) One feature that makes hair a good subject for establishing individual identity is its resistance to chemical ________. 3) The scale pattern of the cuticle is an important feature for characterizing ________ hair. 4) The ________ is embedded with pigment granules that give hair its color. 5) Human head hairs rarely show continuous ________. 6) The three phases of hair growth are the anagen, catagen, and ________ phases. 7) Some hairs in the anagen phase have a ________ tag containing DNA that may be analyzed in order to individualize the hair. 8) Forcibly removed hairs often bear follicular tags that are rich sources of ________ DNA. 9) Forensic hair comparisons generally involve either ________ hair or pubic hair. 10) A criminalist first compares the color and ________ of fiber evidence.
> Sangreen Company’s checkbook lists the following: The May bank statement shows: Requirement: 1. Prepare Sangreen’s bank reconciliation at May 31, 2019.
> Ruth Bixby served as executive director of Uptown Allentown, an organization created to revitalize Allentown, Pennsylvania. Over the course of 13 years, Bixby embezzled $543,000 through a variety of methods. Bixby deposited the organization’s cash receip
> Company manufactures a popular line of work clothes. Lander employs 125 workers and keeps time sheets that show how many hours the employees work each week. On Friday the shop foreman collects the time sheets, checks them for accuracy, and delivers them
> Burnes Consulting Company reported these ratios at December 31, 2018 (dollar amounts in millions): Burns Consulting completed these transactions during 2019: a. Purchased equipment on account, $4 b. Paid long-term debt, $7 c. Collected cash from custo
> Refer to Exercise 3-37B. Requirements: 1. Use the data in the partial worksheet to prepare Lauer Production Company’s classified balance sheet at December 31 of the current year. Use the report format. First you must calculate the adjusted balance for
> The unadjusted trial balance and income statement amounts from the December 31 adjusted trial balance of Lauer Production Company follow: Requirement : 1. Journalize the adjusting and closing entries of Lauer Production Company at December 31. There was
> Prepare the closing entries from the following selected accounts from the records of North Shore, Inc., at December 31, 2018: How much net income did North Shore earn during 2018? Prepare a T-account for Retained Earnings to show the December 31, 2018, b
> The adjusted trial balances of Verne Corporation at August 31, 2018, and August 31, 2017, include these amounts (in millions): Verne completed these transactions (in millions) during the year ended August 31, 2018. Calculate the amount of sales revenue,
> The adjusted trial balance of Sabrina, Inc., follows: Requirement: 1. Prepare Sabrina’s single-step income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018, and its balance sheet on that date.
> Fairmount Co. prepaid three years’ rent ($31,500) on January 1, 2018. At December 31, 2018, Fairmount prepared a trial balance and then made the necessary adjusting entry at the end of the year. Fairmount adjusts its accounts once each year—on December 3
> Identify the internal control weakness in the following situations. State how the person can hurt the company. a. Emily Chen is the purchasing agent for Wilson Industries. Chen prepares purchase orders based on requests from division managers of the com
> Thornton Company faced the following situations. Journalize the adjusting entry needed at December 31, 2020, for each situation. Consider each fact separately. a. The business has interest expense of $3,800 that it must pay early in January 2021. b. In
> Englewood Corporation experienced four situations for its supplies. Calculate the amounts that have been left blank for each situation. For situations 1 and 2, journalize the needed transaction. Consider each situation separately.
> An accountant made the following adjustments at December 31, the end of the accounting period: a. Prepaid insurance, beginning, $400. Payments for insurance during the period, $2,100. Prepaid insurance, ending, $600. b. Interest revenue accrued, $2,400
> During 2018, Barron Network, Inc., which designs network servers, earned revenues of $740 million. Expenses totaled $560 million. Barron collected all but $26 million of the revenues and paid $610 million on its expenses. a. Under accrual accounting, wh
> Peyton Company reported these ratios at December 31, 2018 (dollar amounts in millions): Peyton Company completed these transactions during 2019: a. Purchased equipment on account, $5 b. Paid long-term debt, $5 c. Collected cash from customers in advanc
> Refer to Exercise 3-26A. Requirements: 1. Use the data in the partial worksheet to prepare Crawford Production Company’s classified balance sheet at December 31 of the current year. Use the report format. First you must calculate the adjusted balance fo
> The unadjusted trial balance and income statement amounts from the December 31 adjusted trial balance of Crawford Production Company follow. Requirement: 1. Journalize the adjusting and closing entries of Crawford Production Company at December 31. Ther
> Refer to Exercise 2-30B. Requirement 1. Record the transactions in the journal of Dr. Char Morin, P.C. List the transactions by date and give an explanation for each transaction.
> Dr. Char Morin opened a medical practice specializing in surgery. During the first month of operation (July), the business, titled Dr. Char Morin, Professional Corporation (P.C.), experienced the following events: Requirements: 1. Analyze the effects o
> Set up the following T-accounts: Cash, Accounts Receivable, Office Supplies, Office Furniture, Accounts Payable, Common Stock, Dividends, Service Revenue, Salary Expense, and Rent Expense. Record the following transactions directly in the T-accounts with
> At Hometown Arts, gross sales for the month included: Sales on account (2/10, n/30) $150,000 Credit card sales (3% credit card fee) $200,000 Half of the sales on account were paid within the discount period; the other accounts were paid in full by the en
> Cedar Point is an amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, owned by Cedar Fair Entertainment Company. Over 3.5 million people visit Cedar Point each year between May and October. It covers 364 acres and has more than 150 rides and attractions, including 16 roll
> Norfolk Co., Inc., an electronics and appliance chain, reported these figures in millions of dollars Requirements: 1. Compute Norfolk’s days’ sales in receivables or days’ sales outstanding (DSO) dur
> Swenson Corporation reported the following items at December 31, 2018, and 2017: Requirements: 1. Compute the company’s (a) quick (acid-test) ratio and (b) days’ sales outstanding for 2018. Evaluate each ratio value
> Record the following note receivable transactions in the journal of Windham Golf. How much interest revenue did Windham earn this year? Use a 365-day year for interest computations, and round interest amounts to the nearest dollar. Windham Golf has a Dec
> Aspen Foods, Inc., experienced the following revenue and accounts receivable write-offs: Suppose Aspen estimates that 4% of (gross) revenues will become uncollectible. Assume all revenues are on credit. Requirement: 1. Journalize service revenue (all on
> At December 31, 2018, before any year-end adjustments, the Accounts Receivable balance of Hampton Company, Inc., is $330,000. The Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts has a $15,400 credit balance. Hampton prepares the following aging schedule for Account
> On November 30, Palmer Party Planners had a $41,000 balance in Accounts Receivable and a $3,584 credit balance in Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts. During December, Palmer made credit sales of $200,000. December collections on account were $168,000,
> December 31, 2018, Concord Travel Agency has an Accounts Receivable balance of $87,000. Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts has a credit balance of $880 before the year-end adjustment. Service revenue (all on account) for 2018 was $800,000. Concord esti
> Perform the following accounting for the receivables of Hawkins and Harris, a CPA firm, at December 31, 2018. Requirements: 1. Set up T-accounts and start with the beginning balances for these T-accounts: Accounts Receivable, $104,000 Allowance for Unc
> Pastel Interiors reported the following transactions in June: Requirements 1. Record the foregoing transactions in the journal of Pastel Interiors using the gross method. (You do not need to make the cost of sales journal entries; assume that these ent
> Lakewood Jewelry sells to retailers who then resell the products. Lakewood does not offer sales discounts for early payment; it asks that customers pay in full within 15 days or at the point of sale with a credit card. The company had the following selec
> Town Center Tours provides historical guided tours of several U.S. cities. The company charges $175 per person for the eight-hour tour. For groups of four or more, a group discount of $25 per person is offered. Here is a selection of transactions during
> At Uptown Arts, gross sales for the month included: Sales on account (2/10, n/30) $350,000 Credit card sales (2% credit card fee) $250,000 Half of the sales on account were paid within the discount period; the other accounts were paid in full by the end
> Niagara Jewelry sells to retailers who then resell the products. Niagara does not offer sales discounts for early payment; it asks that customers pay in full within 15 days or at the point of sale with a credit card. The company had the following selecte
> Geneva Co., Inc., an electronics and appliance chain, reported these figures in millions of dollars: Requirements: 1. Compute Geneva’s days’ sales in receivables or days’ sales outstanding (DSO) duri
> Moore Corporation reported the following items at December 31, 2018, and 2017: Requirements: 1. Compute the company’s (a) quick (acid-test) ratio and (b) days’ sales outstanding for 2018. Evaluate each ratio value as
> Record the following note receivable transactions in the journal of Mediterranean Services. How much interest revenue did Mediterranean earn this year? Use a 365-day year for interest computations, and round interest amounts to the nearest dollar. Medite
> Walnut Foods, Inc., experienced the following revenue and accounts receivable write-offs: Suppose Walnut estimates that 4% of (gross) revenues will become uncollectible. Assume all revenues are on credit. Requirement: 1. Journalize service revenue (all
> At December 31, 2018, before any year-end adjustments, the Accounts Receivable balance of Alpha Company, Inc., is $390,000. The Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts has a $15,500 credit balance. Alpha prepares the following aging schedule for Accounts Re
> On June 30, Premier Party Planners had a $35,000 balance in Accounts Receivable and a $2,752 credit balance in Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts. During July, Premier made credit sales of $193,000. July collections on account were $164,000, and write-
> At December 31, 2018, Waco Travel Agency has an Accounts Receivable balance of $93,000. Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts has a credit balance of $870 before the year-end adjustment. Service revenue (all on account) for 2018 was $800,000. Waco estimat
> MacKensie Services Corporation began 2018 with total assets of $230 million and ended 2018 with total assets of $365 million. During 2018, MacKensie earned revenues of $394 million and had expenses of $171 million. MacKensie declared and paid dividends o
> Identify the accounting concept, assumption, or principle that best applies to each of the following situations: a. Inflation has been about 2.5% for some time. Village Realtors is considering measuring its land values in inflation-adjusted amounts. b.
> A ________ is an individual whose job is to detect and identify drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs. 2) ________ is the transformation of a chemical in the body to other chemicals to facilitate its elimination from the body. 3) The th
> Two types of empirical tests are color tests and ________ tests. 12) ________ can separate unknown mixtures into their components. 13) ________ drugs are substances that are chemically related to some controlled drugs and are pharmacologically potent.
> A ________ may be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other animals. 2) ________ dependence is the conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying emotional needs. 3) Th
> The three basic cuticle patterns are coronal, spinous, and ________. 12) The ________ is the main body of the hair shaft. 13) Collecting ________ full-length hairs from all areas of the scalp normally ensures a representative sampling. 14) Fibers are
> The smallest unit of a(n) ________ is an atom. 22) ________ is a physical change from the solid state directly into the gaseous state. 23) The color of an opaque object is determined by which component color(s) of light it ________. 24) The three stat
> ________ solids have only one refractive index. 12) A(n) ________ property is a property that is not dependent on the size of an object. 13) The ________ line is a bright halo observed near the border of a particle that is immersed in a liquid with a d
> Shortly after a weapon is fired, residues are most likely to be deposited on the thumb web and the back of the firing hand of a shooter. A) True B) False 12) The SEM approach for primer residue detection is its enhanced specificity over hand swabbing. A
> Caliber is a measure of the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm. A) True B) False 2) The hook cutter rifling method is still used today. A) True B) False 3) The number of lands and grooves and the width and direction of twist are individual charac
> Pollen and spores can be used to provide links between a crime scene and a person or object. A) True B) False 22) The pollen of entomophilous plants is dispersed by wind. A) True B) False 23) It is not possible to identify a geographical origin by the
> The basic metric unit for volume is the: A) Centimeter. B) Liter. C) Milliliter. D) Gram. 2) The weight 264.45 grams can be correctly expressed as: A) 26,445 decigrams. B) 0.26445 kilograms. C) 26.445 centigrams. D) None of the above 3) One millil
> The stereoscopic microscope has a narrow field of view. A) True B) False 12) An IR spectrum is unique for every chemical substance. A) True B) False 13) The SEM produces an image that is stereoscopic in appearance. A) True B) False 14) Many crystals a
> The magnification power of a microscope equals the magnifying power of the objective lens multiplied by two. A) True B) False 2) The microscopic examination of a bullet requires reflected light. A) True B) False 3) The body tube is part of the optical
> Some tools, such as Cellebrite’s UFED Touch, are quite clear about which devices support physical extraction. A) True B) False 22) You can’t use a 1G phone to track a 15-year-old crime. A) True B) False 23) When a mobile device is set to use WiFi, it w
> SD cards and SIM cards perform the same way. A) True B) False 12) Each SIM card has an international mobile subscriber identity number that associates the phone with the subscriber’s mobile network. A) True B) False 13) All mobile devices use SIM cards
> Mobile devices began as an outgrowth of ship-to-shore radios in World War I. A) True B) False 2) 2G appeared in the 1990s using two standards: GSM & CDMA. A) True B) False 3) Analog phones have divergent feature sets. The core features usually were pho
> MMS, or Multimedia Message Service, is text messaging with attachments. A) True B) False 22) The call history for a mobile device is generally not able to be used in an investigation. A) True B) False 23) Often mobile devices contain the same Internet
> The primary goal in obtaining data from a HDD is to do so without altering even one bit of data. A) True B) False 12) Visible data exists in areas of the drive that are, generally speaking, unknown and inaccessible to most end users. A) True B) False 1
> Software comprises the physical components of the computer. A) True B) False 2) The central processing unit is the main system board of a computer that delivers power, data, and instructions to the computer’s components. A) True B) False 3) The centra
> Two analytical techniques used to analyze writing inks are microspectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. A) True B) False 12) The most common features associated with a paper examination are general appearance, color, weight, and watermarks. A)
> Angularity, slope, and speed are examples of individual variations. A) True B) False 2) Margins, spacing, crowding, insertions, alignment, spelling, punctuation, phraseology, and grammar cannot impart individual variations. A) True B) False 3) An adequ
> A technique applicable for determining whether or not an individual has recently fired a weapon is: A) Neutron activation analysis. B) Atomic absorption analysis. C) The scanning electron microscope. D) All of the above 32) Objects bearing tool marks sh
> Black powder does not explode when unconfined. A) True B) False 32) Nitroglycerin-based dynamite has virtually disappeared from the industrial explosives market. A) True B) False 33) Military “dynamite” contains no nitroglycerin. A) True B) False
> Detonation is characterized by very rapid oxidation that produces heat, light, and a subsonic pressure wave. A) True B) False 22) Low explosives detonate relatively slowly (less than 1,000 meters per second), while high explosives detonate very rapidly
> A search of the fire scene must focus on finding the fire’s point of origin. A) True B) False 12) Water does not interfere with laboratory methods used to detect and characterize flammable liquid residues. A) True B) False 13) Wood is a poor insulator.
> The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes from the presence of oxygen in the reaction. A) True B) False 2) Molecules must absorb energy when their bonds are reformed and they liberate energy when their bonds break apart. A) True B) False 3) R
> STR analysis is the most successful and widely used DNA profiling procedure. A) True B) False 12) The more STRs a forensic scientist can characterize, the greater is the likelihood that they originated from two different individuals. A) True B) False
> James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA. A) True B) False 2) The four bases on the DNA molecule are paired with A opposite T and G opposite C. A) True B) False 3) Longer DNA strands are more stable and less sub
> A heterozygous gene pair is made up of two different alleles while a homozygous gene pair is made up of two similar alleles. A) True B) False 12) When two different genes are inherited, the characteristic coded for by a recessive gene is expressed. A) T
> The blood factors belonging to the A-B-O system are the most important for properly matching a donor and recipient for a transfusion. A) True B) False 2) People with type O blood have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells. A) True B) False 3)
> The minerals found in different soil samples cannot effectively be used to determine whether or not they have the same origin. A) True B) False 22) Standard/reference soil samples should be collected at the site of the crime at various intervals within
> Gamma rays are a high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation. A) True B) False 12) The major advantage of neutron activation analysis is that it provides a nondestructive method for identifying and quantitating trace elements. A) True B) False 13) Ne
> Which of the following is NOT expected to show any evidential marks or impressions? A) A fired bullet B) A cartridge casing fired from a handgun C) A cartridge casing fired from a shotgun D) A shotgun pellet 22) What are two elements detected on the han
> The presence of trace elements is useful because they provide markers that may establish the source of a material. A) True B) False 2) A continuous spectrum is most helpful in identifying a particular element because it serves as a unique “fingerprint”
> An alcoholic disinfectant should be applied to a subject’s skin before drawing blood. A) True B) False 12) An airtight container best ensures the preservation of blood samples. A) True B) False 13) An anticoagulant should be added to inhibit the growth
> Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in Western countries. A) True B) False 2) Alcohol tends to be distributed throughout the watery parts of the body. A) True B) False 3) The quantity and type of food present in the stomach at the time of drinking d
> Many chemical substances have similar mass spectra fragmentation. A) True B) False 22) Gas chromatography cannot produce a specific identification of a chemical substance. A) True B) False 23) A mass spectrometer can detect materials weighing only one
> Hashish is a concentrated resin secreted by the Cannabis plant. A) True B) False 12) Marijuana is synthesized from the Cannabis sativa plant. A) True B) False 13) Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are
> Increasing caseloads associated with drug evidence have provided the major justification for expanding forensic laboratory services. A) True B) False 2) A drug user’s expectations do not play a role in drug dependence. A) True B) False 3) Psychologica
> It is not necessary for questioned and standard/reference hairs to come from the same area of the body. A) True B) False 12) The entire hair is collected because a hair may show variation in color and other morphological features over its entire length.
> Much of a hair’s resistance and stability is attributed to the cuticle. A) True B) False 2) The scale pattern of the cortex is an important feature for characterizing animal hair. A) True B) False 3) The cortex derives its major forensic importance fr
> The only way to individualize glass fragments at a crime scene to a single source is to assemble the fragments and physically fit them together like a jigsaw puzzle. A) True B) False 22) Glass fragments removed from a single sheet of plate glass have a
> The weight of an object can vary from one location to another while mass remains the same regardless of location. A) True B) False 12) The atoms in a crystalline solid have a regular arrangement while the atoms in an amorphous solid have no regular orde
> The likelihood of detecting gunshot residue on swabs taken from living subjects more than six hours after a firing has occurred is ________ the likelihood of detecting gunshot residue within two hours of a firing. A) The same as B) Less than C) Greater t
> The basic metric unit of volume is the ounce. A) True B) False 2) Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. A) True B) False 3) The boiling point of a substance is a physical property. A) True B) False 4) The two most important physical properties of glass
> It may not be possible to recover deleted file items from a mobile device, such as: A) E-mails. B) Text messages. C) Photos. D) All the above 12) How many types of chains of evidence are there? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 13) When working on electronic device
> 1) What does 1G consist of? A) Analog networks B) Digital networks C) Broadband networks D) Native IP networks 2) What does 2G consist of? A) Analog networks B) Digital networks C) Broadband networks D) Native IP networks 3) What does 3G consist of? A
> A device that permits only requested traffic to enter a computer system is known as a(n): A) Central processing unit (CPU). B) Firewall. C) Cookie. D) Internet cache. 42) Which type of data are readily available to a computer user? A) Swap B) Latent C)
> Files containing chat and instant messaging are most likely stored in: A) Swap files. B) RAM. C) ROM. D) Slack files. 32) Which of the following carries data from one hardware device to another? A) System bus B) Central processing unit (CPU) C) Random-a
> The complex of wires located on the motherboard which serves to carry data from one hardware device to another is: A) RAM. B) ROM. C) System bus. D) Central processing unit. 22) Sectors are typically how many bytes in size? A) 126 bytes B) 256 bytes C)
> Once a file is deleted by a user, it: A) Is obliterated from the system and cannot be recovered. B) Is retained until the disk space it occupies is allocated for another use. C) May be identified using forensic image acquisition software. D) Both B and
> Which of the following is NOT considered a hardware device? A) Monitor B) Hard disk drive C) Mouse D) Operating system 2) Which of the following is NOT considered a type of software? A) Linux B) Firefox C) Excel D) Random Access Memory 3) A m
> When comparing sample writing to a suspect document, the age difference between the documents should be no more than: A) Six to twelve months. B) Twelve to eighteen months. C) Two to three years. D) Five to seven years. 22) Which are important character
> When dictating to a person in order to obtain samples of handwriting, one should NOT: A) Use paper similar to that of the questioned document. B) Use a pen similar to that of the questioned document. C) Dictate the contents of the text at least three tim
> The barrel of a shotgun: A) Is indistinguishable from that of a rifle. B) Is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles. C) Is generally shorter than that of a rifle. D) Is wider at the end to concentrate the shot. 2) The reason grooves are ri
> 1) Questioned documents include: A) Contracts and passports. B) Petitions and lottery tickets. C) Letters and checks. D) All of the above 2) The possibility of recognizing known writing habits in samples produced when a writer is under the influence
