Question: How does cost accounting help determine an

> Collingwood Contractors (CC) designs and builds new model homes for individual customers. CC has developed a reputation in the market for relatively upscale, unique designs with highend finishings. CC has developed several formulas, which it uses to esti

> Gilbert Canned Produce (GCP) packs and sells three varieties of canned produce: green beans, sweet peas, and tomatoes. The company is currently operating at 82 percent of capacity. Worried about the company’s performance, the chief mark

> Lamothe Kitchen and Bath makes products for the home, which it sells through major retailers and remodeling (do-it-yourself, or DIY) outlets. One product that has had varying success is a ceiling fan for the kitchen. The fan comes in three sizes (36-inch

> Rathbone Industries produces and sells an instrument used in hospital monitoring systems. The instrument uses a specialized sensor that Rathbone currently purchases from Norfolk Electronix. Norfolk charges Rathbone $94 per sensor for the 12,000 sensors R

> Harbortown Marine Products (HMP) manufactures and sells various fixtures for boat cabins. One fixture uses a specialized fitting that is not used in any other HMP product. The management of HMP has considered outsourcing the fitting for several years but

> Riverdale Partners wants to introduce a new line of fragrances. Market research indicates that a potential fragrance would sell well in the market priced at $268.80 each. Riverdale requires an operating profit of 28 percent of costs. Required What is the

> Refer to Exercise 2-56. Required Prepare: a. A gross margin income statement. b. A contribution margin income statement. Exercise 2-56:

> Accounting records for The Ralston Company show the following for the most recent fiscal year: Required Prepare: a. A gross margin income statement. b. A contribution margin income statement.

> Your colleague says, “If a company only has one product, it doesn’t matter how we allocate cost because the result will always be the same.” Do you agree? Explain.

> Whitmore Glassware makes a variety of drinking glasses and mugs. The company’s designers have discovered a market for a 16-ounce mug with college logos. Market research indicates that a mug like this would sell well in the market priced at $26. Whitmore

> Refer to Exercise 2-54. Required Compute: a. Product costs per unit. b. Period costs for the period. Exercise 2-54:

> Refer to the data for Rochester Street Taco Shop in Exercise 3-49. Required Suppose RSTS expects to sell 7,000 tacos next month, but the fixed costs are uncertain. Using the Goal Seek function in Microsoft Excel, what must be the fixed costs for RSTS to

> Rochester Street Taco Shop (RSTS) sells a variety of tacos to go all at a price of $4.50 each. The variable cost of an RSTS taco averages $2.40. RSTS incurs monthly fixed costs of $7,350. RSTS is subject to a 20 percent tax rate. Required Using the Goal

> Refer to the data for Grove Audio in Exercise 3-31. Required Using the Goal Seek function in Microsoft Excel: a. What number must Grove Audio sell to break even? b. What number must Grove Audio sell to make an operating profit of $180,000 per year? Exer

> Golden Gate Novelties (GGN) sells souvenir key chains at the local airport. GGN charges $12 per chain. The variable cost for a chain, including the wholesale cost of the chain, packaging, the commission paid to the airport operator, and so on, is $10.40.

> Norwood Stationary has provided the following information (in thousands of dollars) for October. Required Prepare an income statement for October with a supporting cost of goods sold statement.

> The cost accountant for Sunset Fashions has compiled the following information for last quarter’s operations: Required Prepare an income statement with a supporting cost of goods sold statement.

> Northampton City Tours (NCT) offers personalized historical and architectural tours in a large midwestern city and the local suburbs. NCT charges $350 per trip to or from the airport. The variable cost for a tour totals $42 for fuel, driver, and so on. T

> Couzen’s Company’s cost structure is dominated by variable costs with a contribution margin ratio of .25 and fixed costs of $450,000. Every dollar of sales contributes 25 cents toward fixed costs and profit. The cost structure of a competitor, Jones & Fa

> Consider a bank that offers both online and branch access for customers. Based on the estimated costs of service through the two channels, the bank has decided it should motivate customers to use online services in place of branch services. After several

> The cost structure of Dennis’s Retail Mart is dominated by variable costs with a contribution margin ratio of .30 and fixed costs of $60,000. Every dollar of sales contributes 30 cents toward fixed costs and profit. The cost structure of a competitor, Oa

> Refer to the data for Charlevoix Cases in Exercise 3-33. Required Using the Goal Seek function in Microsoft Excel: a. What number must Charlevoix Cases sell to break even? b. What number must Charlevoix Cases sell to make an operating profit of $46,280 a

> The following data are available for Gray Services for the month just ended: Required Find the following by completing a cost of services sold statement. a. Marketing and administrative costs. b. Cost of services sold.

> Tuscola Counseling Services is a small firm that advises job seekers on both employment and education alternatives. Robert Gibson, the founder and president, has collected the following information for the year just ended: Required Prepare an income stat

> Harbor Island Investments (HII) is a discount brokerage firm offering clients investment advice, trading services, and a variety of mutual funds for investment. HII has collected the following information for November: Required Prepare an income statemen

> The following balances (in thousands of dollars) are from the accounts of Birwood Furniture: Direct materials used during the year amount to $1,096,000 and the cost of goods sold for the year was $1,278,000. Required Find the following by completing a co

> The following balances appear on the accounts of Greusel Fabrication: Direct materials used during the month amount to $525,000 and the cost of goods sold for the month was $1,436,000. Required Find the following by completing a cost of goods sold statem

> Grove Audio is considering the introduction of a new model of wireless speakers with the following price and cost characteristics. Required a. What number must Grove Audio sell annually to break even? b. What number must Grove Audio sell to make an opera

> For each of the following costs incurred in a manufacturing firm, indicate whether the costs are fixed (F) or variable (V) and whether they are period costs (P) or product costs (M) under full absorption costing. a. Straight-line depreciation on corporat

> Lillibridge & Friends, Inc. provides you with the following data for its single product: Required Give the amounts for each of the following: a. Prime cost per unit. b. Contribution margin per unit. c. Gross margin per unit. d. Conversion cost per un

> A manager asks you for a cost estimate to open a new retail outlet and says, “I want you to use statistical analysis, so it will be based on real data and therefore objective.” How might you respond?

> Elmo Security Consultants (ESC) offers a standardized review of data security for small business owners. The following data apply to the provision of these reviews: Required Give the amount for each of the following (one unit = one review): a. Variable r

> Refer to the information in Exercise 1-30. The managers of Lessing Toy & Hobby (LTH) have decided to keep the stores in the Northern Division open, in spite of the dwindling demand in the area. They want to forecast what the income will be in the com

> Refer to Exhibit 1.6, which shows budgeted versus actual costs. Assume that The AM Bakery is preparing a budget for the month ending October 31. Management prepares the budget by starting with the actual results for August 31 that appear in Exhibit 1.6.

> Charlevoix Cases makes mobile phone cases. The company has collected the following price and cost characteristics: Required a. How many cases must Charlevoix sell annually to break even? b. How many cases must Charlevoix sell annually to make an operatin

> Place the number of the appropriate definition in the blank next to each concept.

> For each of the following costs incurred in the manufacture of steel components, indicate whether the costs are prime costs (P), conversion costs (C), or both (B). a. Transportation-in costs for steel. b. Lease payments on the factory. c. Steel used in m

> For each of the following costs incurred in a manufacturing firm, indicate whether the costs are most likely fixed (F) or variable (V) and whether they are most likely period costs (P) or product costs (M) under full absorption costing. a. Administrative

> Refer to the information in Exercise 5-28. Required A rural county government has requested an estimate to build a 200,000-square-foot hospital in a small city (though the largest in the county). It will be a single-story building and not affiliated with

> Ferdinand Construction (FC) manages the design and construction of hospitals. Ferdinand has developed several formulas that it uses to quote jobs. These include costs of basic construction but exclude equipment and furniture. These estimates are also dep

> Five Below is a discount retailer. Required For each of the following decisions, indicate whether the decision maker would be more likely to get information from the financial (F) or cost (C) accounting system of Five Below (in addition, perhaps, to othe

> Skywest Airlines is a regional airline operating in the Western U.S. Several large airlines (Alaska Airlines, for example) outsource some lower-volume routes to Skywest. Skywest flies planes painted with the Alaska colors and logo and uses the Alaska-bra

> Marquette Company manufactures and sells kits that homeowners can buy and assemble into office and home furniture. Marquette and one of its customers, Goulburn Furnishings, have a dispute about inventory. Goulburn orders 100,000 units annually of one of

> Value Chain and Classification of Costs Tesla, Inc., incurs many types of costs in its automobile operations. Required For each cost in the following table, identify the stage in the value chain where this cost is incurred.

> Value Chain and Classification of Costs Pfizer Inc., a pharmaceutical firm, incurs many types of costs in its operations. Required For each cost in the following table, identify the stage in the value chain where this cost is incurred.

> Consider again the Business Application “Components of Cost of Goods Sold for a Retailer.” Some of the costs associated with opening during the COVID-19 pandemic were outlay costs and some were opportunity costs. Give one example of each for a retail sto

> The following events occurred at Moore’s Hobbies and Crafts store during the most recent fiscal year: 1. Purchased merchandise costing $99,000. 2. Had sales revenue for the year totaling $145,000; the merchandise sold was purchased for $85,000. 3. Paid $

> The friend in question 2-19 decides that she does not want to go to Oklahoma after all. How will the costs of your trip change? Was your choice of allocation in question 2-19 incorrect? Why?

> Why is a value income statement useful to managers?

> B-You is a consulting firm that works with managers to improve their interpersonal skills. Recently, a representative of a high-tech research firm approached B-You’s owner with an offer to contract for one year with B-You to improve the

> Kendall & Floyd provides landscaping services in Eastvale. Sara Kendall, the owner, is concerned about the recent losses the company has incurred and is considering dropping its yard cleanup services, which she feels are marginal to the company&acirc

> Consider the Business Application “Operating Leverage as a Framework to Describe a Business Model.” From the description of the company in the text (and perhaps based on your experience), would you say food delivery services have high or low operating le

> Bates Courier Services provides delivery services in and around Butte City. Its profits have been declining, and management is planning to add an express service that is expected to increase revenue by $62,500 per year. The total cost to lease the necess

> Durham Parts (DP) makes a variety of products. It is organized in two divisions, Eastern and Western. The managers for each division are paid, in part, based on the financial performance of their divisions. The Western Division normally sells to outside

> Haverhill Electronics (HE) has offered to supply the county government with one model of its security screening device at “cost plus 20 percent.” HE operates a manufacturing plant that can produce 22,000 devices per ye

> Talbot Industries manufactures two models of wireless headset: TI-12 and TI-28. Each model requires time on a single machine. The machine has a monthly capacity of 540 hours. Total market demand for the two models is limited to 2,000 units of TI-12 and 1

> Conservatory Lumber sells rough and finished lumber for building products. At one of the company mills in the Northwest, it processes only one type of wood into two products: rough-cut lumber (sold for further processing) and dimensional lumber (for pane

> Williams Gear makes and sells three types of computer laptop sleeves: leather, fabric, and plastic. Management is trying to determine the most profitable mix. Sales prices, demand, and use of manufacturing inputs follow: Williams has two production limit

> Senator Pet Foods makes a variety of canned and dried food for pets. The Center Street Manufacturing Campus is the site of the original Senator plant and is used solely for the production of its original variety of canned food for dogs. The production of

> Ontario Audio makes a popular satellite radio receiver for over-the-road trucks and other professional uses. The two major parts of the radio are the electronics (receiver, speaker, and so on) and the metal case housing the radio. The electronics are man

> Refer to the information in Problem 4-69 for Parkway Health System. Regardless of your recommendation, the PHS administrators did not change operations (they chose the first alternative described in Problem 4-69). For this problem, assume that the expans

> Parkway Health System (PHS) has two divisions that are part of PHS but are located in separate buildings. The Extended Care Division performs typical hospital service including emergency care, surgeries, and surgical recovery. The Out-Patient Care Divisi

> If value income statements are useful for decision making, why are value income statements not used in financial reporting?

> Wexford Manufacturing and Mining (WMM) operates several factories in three western states: Arizona, Montana, and Utah. WMM’s home office is located in Idaho. All three factories produce the same product, and Wexford’s

> Sparta Fashions owns four clothing stores, where it sells a wide range of women’s fashions, from casual attire to formal wear. In addition, it rents formal wear and gowns for special occasions. At the end of last year, the financial sta

> Greenview Dairies produces a line of organic yogurts for sale at supermarkets and specialty markets in the Southeast. Economic conditions and changing tastes have resulted in slowing demand growth. After recently expanding capacity, the company is now op

> Hazlett & Family is organized into two geographic markets: Northern and Southern. The company makes an off-road vehicle for recreation and agricultural use. The vehicle is sold in three models, depending on the power and options. The three models, fr

> Refer to the details in Problem 4-63. Required What are the issues, ethical and otherwise, that arise with the product manager’s suggestion? Problem 4-63:

> Lakeside Accessories manufactures computer backpacks, messenger bags, and other items for carrying electronics, documents, and so on. In developing a new bag for the newest release of laptops, the design group has estimated the following unit costs: Dire

> Mcquade Equipment is considering a new product for the road construction industry. The analyst has collected some information about the product design, summarized as follows: Required a. Will Mcquade achieve its target operating profit based on these pro

> Nagle Devices produces medical instruments, primarily for hospital and medical office use. A new design for its best-selling hospital thermometer has the marketing team considering possibly entering the home market. This would be new for Nagle because it

> King Bathroom Fixtures (KBF) makes faucets, basins, and so on primarily for home use and sold through major retail chains. The design team at KBF has been working on a unique design to provide reasonable pressure while still conserving water. The market

> Florida Kitchens produces high-end cooking ranges. The costs to manufacture and market the ranges at the company’s volume of 3,000 units per quarter are shown in the following table: The company has the capacity to produce 3,000 units p

> A technology company called Luxe allows customers, through its app, to have valets who will meet the customer, take their car, and park it. Curtis Lee, the founder, was quoted as saying about a leased parking space, “If we turn it over X amount of times,

> What are the four questions of the critical thinking framework?

> Platt Instruments produces and sells medical devices for both home and professional use. One line of products that has been consistently profitable for Platt is its range of sphygmomanometers (blood pressure monitors). Platt sells professional models to

> Spinnaker Museum of Sailing (SMS) is a popular tourist site in a coastal town. The museum boasts a large collection of both current sailing exhibits and historical displays focused on ocean exploration and maritime adventures. SMS, like many museums, is

> Medbury Communications Systems (MCS) produces mobile radios for arctic and other harsh environments. The costs to manufacture and market the radios at the company’s normal quarterly volume of 12,000 units are shown in the following tabl

> Miles Audio produces and sells car audio systems. It specializes in receivers and currently offers two models. The Growler is a high quality but affordable unit that the company produces for sale in auto parts and electronics stores. The Maniac is sold a

> Oakland Precision Products (OPP) manufactures and sells a variety of scales for the kitchen and office. OPP sells primarily to kitchenware stores, discount stores, and so on. Two of the scales it produces for kitchen use are the Cook and Baker. The Cook

> As discussed in the text, you can analyze CVP relations even when prices and unit variable costs are not constant for all volumes. Sometimes the analysis is more complicated, but as long as you can express the relation among costs, volumes, and profits,

> Barlum Motors produces and sells a small engine used in lawn tractors. Each engine is priced at $850 and the variable cost for each engine is $725. The annual fixed cost is $1,687,500. Barlum Motors operates in a jurisdiction with a graduated tax structu

> Franklin Prepared Foods (FPF) sells three varieties of microwaveable meals with the following prices and costs: The sales mix (in cases) is 50 percent Meat, 35 percent Fish, and 15 percent Vegetarian. Required a. At what sales revenue per month does the

> Philadelphia Sunglasses sells two models of glasses at its single retail location—The Shore and The Poconos. The Shore model sells for $180 a pair and The Poconos model sells for $400 a pair. The variable cost of The Shore model is $120 and that of The P

> Orion Languages, Inc. (OLI) offers conversational instruction in several languages. Customers can choose from three approaches: Group, Individual, or Intense. Group customers meet as a part of a class at scheduled times. Individual customers receive one-

> The chapter describes how to incorporate income taxes into CVP analysis. Why are other taxes not discussed? Is CVP analysis unable to analyze other taxes, such as property taxes, carbon taxes, sales taxes, and so on? Explain.

> Rossiter Fittings produces two models of pipe fittings for underwater lines. The two models (RF-12 and RF-25) have the following characteristics, as developed by a product cost analyst: The total fixed costs per year for the company are $1,056,480. Requi

> Woodland Wearables produces two models of a smart watch, the Basic and the Flash. The watches have the following characteristics: The total fixed costs per year for the company are $1,440,000. Required a. What is the anticipated level of profits for the

> Southfield Stylers, with three chairs, offers a no-frills hair style service at a single price. The price of $25 and the variable cost of $5 per customer remain constant regardless of volume. The owner can handle additional volume by hiring on-call styli

> Maryland Manufacturing (M2) produces a part using an expensive proprietary machine that can only be leased. The leasing company offers two contracts. The first (unit-rate lease) is one where M2 would pay $20 per unit produced, regardless of the number of

> Miami Training Support (MTS) produces materials for companies to use for training new hires as well as advanced training for employees who have been promoted to new positions. Most of the material has been created and produced by Miami employees. There i

> Yacama Shades supplies sun-blocking shades to home remodeling supply stores such as Home Depot and Lowes as well as discounters such as Walmart. The CFO is worried about inflation and the effect on Yacama Shades’ financial results. The variable productio

> Chalmers Corporation operates in multiple areas of the globe, and relatively large price changes are common. Presently, the company sells 105,600 units for $50 per unit. The variable production costs are $20, and fixed costs amount to $2,079,000. Product

> Guilford Boards started operations on March 3. There were no direct materials in inventory as of March 2. Data for the month of March include the following: Required Complete the table.

> Conner’s Fixtures produces and sells a single product, a specialized plumbing fixture. The business began operations on January 1 this year, and its costs incurred during the year include the following: At the end of the first year (Dec

> Kessler Brothers produces products for farms and ranches. The administrative and manufacturing operations occupy the same 240,000-square-foot building. The manufacturing plant uses 180,000 square feet. Depreciation is assigned based on building use. Indi

> Consider the Business Application “Break-Even Analysis Used by Big Oil.” In a part of the article not quoted in the text, one definition of the break-even measure that some firms use is “the oil price that a company needs to generate enough cash so it ca

> Omira Cycle Parts manufactures components for motorcycles and off-road vehicles. The company’s administrative and manufacturing operations share the company’s only building. Eighty percent of the building is used for m

> Melville Manufacturing produces metal components for automotive suppliers. Financial records for September show the following: Required Prepare a cost of goods manufactured and sold statement and an income statement.

> Alpine Township contracts with Dragoon Environmental Services (DES) to provide solid waste collection to households and businesses. Until recently, DES had an exclusive franchise to provide this service in Alpine, which meant that other waste collection