Identify the two factors that determine the difference between the present value and the future amount of an investment.
> What is the difference between short-run business decisions and long-run strategic plans?
> Explain the term equivalent units. In a fast-moving, assembly-line operation, are the equivalent units likely to differ significantly from the number of units completed during a month? Explain.
> The accounting records of the Cedar Company include the following information relating to the current year. The company manufactures a single product; during the current year, 60,000 units were manufactured and 50,000 units were sold. Instructions: a.
> Go to the following website that features the bottling process at the Coca-Cola Company: Coca-Cola bottling process. After viewing the video, answer the following questions: a. Identify at least four direct materials that are used to create Coca-Cola.® b
> Pacific Airlines operated both an airline and several rental car operations located near airports.During the year just ended, all rental car operations were discontinued and the following operatingresults were reported. All of these amounts are before i
> Louie Optics manufactures an underwater digital camera. The company’s newest model is very popular, but it has an inventory of 5,000 old models for which there is little demand. The company is considering the following options for disposing of these old
> Oro Mining, Inc., has just discovered two new mining sites for copper. Geologists and engineers have come up with the following estimates regarding costs and copper yields if the mines are opened. Oro’s owners currently demand a return
> The following information pertains to May activity in Accessory World’s Coating Department. a. Compute how many cut mat sets were started in the Coating Department during May. b. Prepare a schedule showing: (1) the number of mat sets t
> Top-Shelf Classics uses standard costs in a process cost system. At the end of the current month, the following information is prepared by the company’s cost accountant. The total standard cost per unit of finished product is $9. Durin
> Why is it important to understand the economic system under which a company operates before entering into a business relationship?
> On January 2, 2021, Jason Corporation acquired a new machine with an estimated useful life of five years. The cost of the equipment was $40,000 with an estimated residual value of $5,000. a. Prepare a complete depreciation table under the three depreciat
> One of Turf Smart’s products is a small lawnmower. Two processing departments are involved in the mower’s production. The deck is assembled in one department, and a second department assembles and installs the engine.
> Assume that Congress announces its intention to limit the prices and profits of pharmaceutical companies as part of an effort to control health care costs. What effect would you expect this announcement to have on the p/e ratios and stock prices of pharm
> What amounts are debited to the Direct Labor account during the year? What amounts are credited to this account? What type of balance (debit or credit) is this account likely to have at year-end? Explain.
> The following events were reported in the financial statements of large, publicly owned corporations. a. Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), previously a separate company that is now owned by BP America, sold or abandoned the entire nonoil minerals segmen
> Roy’s Toys is a manufacturer of toys and other children’s products. The following are selected items appearing in a recent balance sheet (dollar amounts are in millions). a. Using the information given, compute the am
> Toll House makes chocolate chip cookies. The cookies pass through three production processes: mixing the cookie dough, baking, and packaging. Toll House uses process costing. The following are data concerning the costs incurred in each process during May
> Mary’s TV uses a perpetual inventory system. The following are three recent merchandising transactions. Instructions: a. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions assuming that Mary’s records purchases of
> Stop-n-Shop operates a downtown parking lot containing 800 parking spaces. The lot is open 2,500 hours per year. The parking charge per car is 50 cents per hour; the average customer parks two hours. Stop-n-Shop rents the lot from a development company f
> Sven Enterprises is a large producer of gourmet pet food. During April, it produced 147 batches of puppy meal. Each batch weighs 1,000 pounds. To produce this quantity of output, the company purchased and used 148,450 pounds of direct materials at a cost
> As of December 31 of the current year, Alexander Company has prepared the following information regarding its liabilities and other obligations. Instructions a. Prepare a listing of Alexander’s current and long-term liabilities as th
> Discuss how managers use information they obtain from process costing.
> Listed as follows are eight technical accounting terms introduced or emphasized in this chapter. Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answ
> Jan Franks is the manager of one location of the Save Some Inc. chain. Franks’s location is currently earning an ROI of 15 percent on existing average capital of $800,000. The minimum required return for Save Some Inc. is 12 percent. Fr
> Lavalear Corporation uses a process costing system and traces costs through several processing departments, starting with the Bonding Department. The following is information taken from the Bonding Department’s September production cost
> Whitaker Video is the producer of popular video games. Recently, an investment service published the following per-share amounts relating to the company’s only class of stock. Instructions; a. Without reference to dollar amounts, expl
> Kitchen Electrics uses a perpetual inventory system. The following are three recent merchandising transactions. Instructions: a. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions assuming that Kitchen Electrics records purchases of merchandise at:
> At December 31, year 1, Charter Holding Co. owned the following marketable securities in capital stock of publicly traded companies. In year 2, Charter engaged in the following two transactions. Apr. 10 Sold 1,000 shares of its investment in L Brands, I
> Taylor & Malone is a law firm. Would the concepts of job order or process costing be more appropriate for this type of service business? Explain.
> It is late summer and General Wheels, Inc., an auto manufacturer, is facing a financial crisis. A large issue of bonds payable will mature next March, and the company must issue stock or new bonds to raise the money to retire this debt. Unfortunately, pr
> Matt’s materials quantity variance for the current month was exactly one-half of its materials price variance. Both variances were unfavorable. The company’s cost accountant has supplied the following standard cost inf
> Explain why the present value of a future amount is always less than the future amount
> Rothschild Furnishings, Inc., has three partners—Axle, Brandt, and Conrad. At the beginning of the current year their capital balances were: Axle, $180,000; Brandt, $140,000; and Conrad, $80,000. The partnership agreement provides that partners shall rec
> Why is it important to consider the relationships among cost, quality, and selling prices when establishing standards for direct materials?
> Individuals generally do not prepare statements of cash flows concerning their personal activities. But they do engage in cash budgeting—if not on paper, then at least in their heads.Assume it is December 29—a Monday.
> Ninna Company manufactures wooden shelves. An accountant for Ninna just completed the variance report for the current month. After printing the report, his computer’s hard drive crashed, effectively destroying most of the actual results
> Exhibit 16–6 includes six ledger accounts. Which of these six accounts often have balances at year-end that appear in the company’s formal financial statements? Briefly explain how these balances will be classified in
> At the beginning of 2021, Thompson Service, Inc., showed the following amounts in the stockholders’ equity section of its balance sheet. The transactions relating to stockholders’ equity during the year are as follows
> Randolph Company reports the following information pertaining to its operating activities. During the year, the company purchased $135,000 of direct materials and incurred $22,000 of direct labor costs. Total manufacturing overhead costs for the year am
> Argo Mfg. Co. uses approximately $1,200 in janitorial supplies to clean the work area and factory equipment each month. Should this $1,200 be included in the cost of direct materials used? Explain.
> Jackson Specialties has been in business for more than 50 years. The company maintains a perpetual inventory system, uses a LIFO flow assumption, and ends its fiscal year at December 31. At year-end, the cost of goods sold and inventory are adjusted to r
> Bristow Inc. is interested in establishing a presence in Country Y. Bristow is expecting demand for several of its products to increase in that country because a major customer, Kale Enterprises, is building a manufacturing plant in Y. Bristow has been s
> Refer to the information from Problem 18.2A. Instructions: Complete the March production cost report for the Motor Department of Spa Magic. Data from Problem 18.2A: One of Spa Magic’s products is a whirlpool spa. Two processing depart
> Partner John French has a choice to make. He has been offered by his partners a choice between no salary allowance and a one-third share in the partnership income or a salary of $36,000 per year and a one-quarter share of residual profits. Write a brief
> Criticize the following statement: “In our business, we maximize profits by closing any department that does not show a responsibility margin ratio of at least 15 percent.”
> Shown as follows is information from the financial reports of Pete’s Auto Parts for the past few years. Instructions: a. Calculate the following statistics for Pete’s Auto Parts (round all computations to one decimal
> The following information was taken directly from the footnotes to the financial statements of Best Buy. 1. “A gift card liability is initially established for the value of gift cards when they are sold. We recognize revenue from gift cards when the car
> What is a cost accounting system?
> The Triple Creek Golf Complex is a three-course complex where each course has its own restaurant and pro shop. Thus, the complex is organized into three departments that are treated as investment centers. Budget information for the coming year for these
> Under which circumstances is a fixed salary preferable to a pure bonus compensation system?
> Identify three ways that accounting systems help align the goals of employees and the goals of the organization
> Ferris, Inc., sells heavy machinery with a base unit price of $10,000. Ferris offers an optional service agreement for an initial three-year period for $1,500. a. Explain how Ferris should recognize revenue for its contract with a customer that chooses t
> Under what circumstances might a company write down its inventory to carrying value below cost?
> The Empire Hotel is a full-service hotel in a large city. Empire is organized into three departments that are treated as investment centers. Budget information for the coming year for these three departments is shown as follows. The managers of each of t
> A recent annual report issued by Best Buy revealed the following data. The company’s income statement reported total annual revenue of $42,151 million and net income for the year of $1,000 million. Instructions: a. Evaluate Best Buy&
> Why noncumulative preferred stock is often considered an unattractive form of investment?
> Salter Mining Company purchased the Northern Tier Mine for $21 million cash. The mine was estimated to contain 2.5 million tons of ore and to have a residual value of $1 million. During the first year of mining operations at the Northern Tier Mine, 50,00
> Shown are selected data from the financial statements of Hamilton Stores, a retail lighting store. Instructions: a. Explain how the interest expense shown in the income statement could be $80,000, when the interest payment appearing in the statement of
> Muscle Bound Co. sells home exercise equipment. The company has two sales territories, Eastern and Western. Two products are sold in each territory: FasTrak (a Nordic ski simulator) and RowMaster (a stationary rowing machine). During January, the followi
> Outdoor World, Inc., manufactures camping equipment. Shown for the current year are the income statement for the company and a common size summary for the industry in which the company operates. Instructions: a. Prepare a two-column common size income s
> How can operating at 100 percent of capacity create unfavorable variances?
> DeskTop, Inc., operates a national sales organization. The income statements prepared for each sales territory are created by product line. In these income statements, the sales territory manager’s salary is treated as a common fixed cost. Will this sala
> Tyson Furniture has $100,000 in excess cash that it wants to invest in one or more cash equivalents. The treasurer has researched two money market accounts and two certificates of deposit (CDs) offered by four major banks. The following is the informatio
> “Peak pricing is unfair. It makes goods and services available only to the wealthy and prices the average person out of the market.” Instructions: a. Comment on the extent to which you agree or disagree with the preceding statement. b. What is the alter
> What are some of the uses that management may make of accounting information about individual responsibility centers of the business?
> Lamberton Industries uses process costing. All of the company’s manufacturing activities take place in a single processing department. The following information was available for the month of July Partially completed units in July&acir
> Decor, Inc., manufactures bathroom fixtures. Shown for the current year are the income statements for the company and a common size summary for the industry in which the company operates. Instructions: a. Prepare a two-column common size income statemen
> Banner Publications was organized early in 2018 with authorization to issue 10,000 shares of $100 par value preferred stock and 1 million shares of $1 par value common stock. All of the preferred stock was issued at par, and 400,000 shares of common stoc
> Melilla Corporation issued $5 million of 20-year, 9.5 percent bonds on July 1, 2021, at 98. Interest is due on June 30 and December 31 of each year, and all of the bonds in the issue mature on June 30, 2041. Melilla’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Pre
> How do direct materials variances and direct labor cost variances differ from overhead cost variances?
> Once standard costs are established, what conditions would require that standards be revised?
> Why is the output of a JIT system likely to contain fewer defective units than the output of a traditional manufacturing system?
> Define standard costs and briefly indicate how they may be used by management in planning and control.
> The Adams family decided early in 2020 to incorporate their family-owned farm under the name Adams Corporation. The corporation was authorized to issue 100,000 shares of a single class of $1 par value capital stock. Presented as follows is the informatio
> Refer to the information from Problem 18.2B. Instructions: Complete the May production cost report for the Engine Department of Turf Smart. Data from Problem 18.2B: One of Turf Smart’s products is a small lawnmower. Two processing dep
> Claypool Hardware is the only hardware store in a remote area of northern Minnesota. Some of Claypool’s transactions during the current year are as follows. Instructions: a. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions and even
> Why do overtime hours usually result in unfavorable direct labor rate variances?
> Would a production manager be equally responsible for an unfavorable materials price variance and an unfavorable materials quantity variance? Explain.
> Traditional accounting systems record only actual transactions. As a result, how can opportunity costs be important in incremental decisions?
> Interview the owners of two local small businesses. One business should be organized as a corporation and the other as either a sole proprietorship or a partnership. Inquire as to Why this form of entity was selected. Have there been any unforeseen comp
> The Home Depot, Inc., financial statements appear in Appendix A at the end of this text. Use these statements to answer the following questions. a. What is the total dollar value of the company’s current assets for the most current year reported? Has th
> Biltmore Company manufactures two products: BIT, which sells for $120; and MORE, which sells for $180. Estimated cost and production data for the current year are as follows. In addition, fixed manufacturing overhead is estimated to be $2,500,000 and va
> Consider the Triple Creek Golf Complex discussed in Problem 25.1B. The manager of the restaurants department complains that sales and resulting earnings for the restaurants are not higher due to the poor reputation of the pro shops. Because the pro shops
> C. Erickson and Sons, Inc., is a Philadelphia-based construction company. Visit its home page at the following address: www.cerickson.com. Instructions: a. Identify at least three construction projects engaged in by the company. b. For each project id
> During the current year, Sports +, Inc., operated two business segments: a chain of surf and dive shops and a small chain of tennis shops. The tennis shops were not profitable and were sold near year-end to another corporation. Sports + operations for th
> Why is an unfavorable overhead volume variance usually not considered in evaluating the performance of the production department manager?
> Spirit Corporation reported the following payroll-related costs for the month of February. Spirit’s insurance premiums for workers’ compensation and group health and life insurance were paid for in a prior period and
> The following table summarizes the facts of five independent cases (labeled a through e) of U.S. companies engaging in credit transactions with foreign corporations while the foreign exchange rate is fluctuating. You are to fill in each blank space afte
> Explain how each of the following items is reported in a complete set of financial statements, including the accompanying notes. (In one or more cases, the item may not appear in the financial statements.) The answer to the first item is provided as an e
> Classic Cabinets has one factory in which it produces two product lines. Walter manages the Wood Division, which produces wood cabinets, and Mary manages the Metal Division, which produces metal cabinets. Estimated unit production costs for the two types
> Sweeney & Allen, a large marketing firm, adjusts its accounts at the end of each month. The following information is available for the year ending December 31. 1. A bank loan had been obtained on December 1. Accrued interest on the loan at December 31 a
> A real estate development business is managed by two experienced developers and is financed by 50 investors from throughout the state. To allow maximum income tax benefits to the investors, the business is organized as a partnership. Explain why this typ
>
> What factors should be taken into account in deciding whether to use job order costing or process costing in any given production situation?
> What is the characteristic common to all current assets? Many retail stores regularly sell merchandise on installment plans, calling for payments over a period of 24 or 36 months. Do such receivables qualify as current assets? Explain.
> What are responsibility budgets? What responsibility centers would serve as the basis for preparing responsibility sales budgets in a large retail store, such as Target or Nordstrom?
> Assume that when you were in high school you saved $1,000 to invest for your college education. You purchased 200 shares of Smiley Incorporated, a small but growing company. Over the three years that you have owned the stock, the corporation’s board of d
> Crackle Cookie Company is a relatively new company and so far has sold its products only in its home country, Denmark. In December, Crackle determined that it had excess capacity to produce more of its special Christmas cookies. It is trying to decide wh
> Assume that the following information relates to your most recent bank statement dated September 30. Interest amounting to $4 was credited to your account by the bank in September. The bank’s service charge for the month was $5. In add
> Messer Company had retained earnings at the beginning of the current year of $590,000. During the year, the following activities occurred. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year.
