Question: If a partner owns a 20% interest,

> How do the passive loss rules and the at-risk rules work in conjunction to limit losses?

> Discuss the rules concerning the $25,000 loss offset for rental activities. Why are losses of $25,000 allowed for some taxpayers?

> What are the differences between material participation, active participation, and significant participation?

> Often, when assets are exchanged, liabilities are assumed in the exchange. How does the assumption of liabilities in a like-kind exchange affect the gain or loss recognized? How does it affect the basis of an asset received in a like-kind exchange?

> How is the basis calculated in a like-kind exchange? How does the receipt of boot affect the basis of the asset received? How does the giving of boot affect the basis of the asset received?

> What is the difference between a deferred gain and an excluded gain?

> Discuss the formation of a partnership. Is any gain or loss recognized? Explain.

> What amounts are considered at-risk when making the determination of a deductible loss?

> Discuss the at-risk concept and how it applies to the deductibility of investment losses.

> What are the differences between recourse, nonrecourse, and qualified nonrecourse liabilities? Which liabilities are considered at-risk?

> How can two partners, each with a 50% interest in a partnership, have different amounts of outside basis at the formation of a partnership? Shouldn’t the two partners contribute the same amount to have the same interest?

> Elaborate on the term basis-in, basis-out. What does that phrase mean in the context of a partnership formation?

> How do taxation for the corporate form and taxation for the partnership form differ?

> When is it mandatory that a partner calculate his or her partner interest basis (outside basis)? What items affect the outside basis of a partner?

> Explain why nontaxable income and nondeductible expenses increase or reduce outside basis.

> The Subchapter S status of a calendar year corporation is statutorily terminated on August 12, 2017. The Subchapter S status is deemed to be terminated on what date? What is the answer if the status were voluntarily revoked on that date?

> Describe the rules concerning the basis of property distributed to a partner. How does the concept of basis-in, basis-out apply to partnership distributions?

> Discuss the concepts of ordinary income and separately stated items concerning partnerships. When must a partnership item of income or loss be separately stated and why?

> What are the two tests used to determine whether a group of corporations is a brother-sister group?

> Why might a parent-subsidiary group choose to file, or not to file, a consolidated income tax return?

> When must a corporate tax return be filed? Can a corporation receive an extension of time to file a return and, if so, what is the length of the extension?

> Under what circumstances can a parent-subsidiary group file a consolidated income tax return?

> If a taxpayer moves within two years after moving into a new home and uses the exclusion on his former home, is any gain taxable on the sale of the new home? Under what conditions can some of the exclusion be used?

> What is Schedule L, and what is its purpose?

> Discuss the rules concerning the sale of a personal residence. Include in your discussion, the specifics regarding the ownership test and the use test.

> How is income reported from an installment sale? What are the components of the payments received in an installment sale, and how is the gross profit percentage calculated?

> Kim has a basis in her partnership interest of $12,000 when she receives a distribution from the partnership of $6,000 cash, and equipment with a basis of $8,000 ($12,000 FMV). a. How much gain or loss must Kim recognize on the distribution? b. What is

> Judy acquired passive Activity A in January 2012 and Activity B in July 2013. Until 2017, Activity A was profitable. Activity A produced a loss of $50,000 in 2017 and a loss of $75,000 in 2018. She has $45,000 passive income from Activity B in 2017, and

> A corporation may make a distribution to its shareholders. Depending on the circumstances, in the hands of the shareholder, the distribution can be classified as a dividend, a tax-free distribution or a capital gain. Explain the circumstances in which ea

> Wade has a beginning basis in a partnership of $23,000. His share of income and expense from the partnership consists of the following amounts: Ordinary income…………………………………$43,000 Guaranteed payment ……………………………..12,000 Long-term capital gain……………………………1

> Kerry is a partner in the Kerry, Davis, Smith & Jones Partnership. Kerry owned 25% from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017, when he bought Jones’s 25% interest. He owned 50% for the rest of the year. The partnership had ordinary income of $146,000 and $15,

> Darrell acquired an activity eight years ago. The loss from it in the current year was $65,000. The activity involves residential rental real estate in which he is an active participant. Calculate Darrell’s AGI after considering that Darrell’s AGI was $1

> Donald has two investments in activities that are considered nonrental passive activities. He acquired Activity A six years ago, and it was profitable until the current year. He acquired Activity B in the current year. His share of the loss from Activity

> During the current year, Joshua worked 1,300 hours as a tax consultant and 450 hours as a real estate agent. His one other employee (his wife) worked 300 hours in the real estate business. Joshua earned $50,000 as a tax consultant, and together the coupl

> Elaine exchanges a van that is used exclusively for business purposes for another van that also is to be used exclusively for business. The adjusted basis for the old van is $18,000, and its FMV is $14,500. a. Calculate Elaine’s recognized gain or los

> Calvin purchased a 40% partnership interest for $43,000 in February 2015. His share of partnership income in 2015 was $22,000, in 2016 was $25,000, and in 2017 was $12,000. He made no additional contributions to or withdrawals from, the partnership. On D

> Reva gave her daughter a passive activity last year that had an adjusted basis of $75,000. The activity had suspended losses of $35,000 and a fair market value of $120,000. In the current year, her daughter realized income of $18,000 from the passive act

> Rebecca has a $40,000 basis in her partnership interest when she receives liquidating distributions from the partnership. She receives cash of $24,000 and equipment with a $12,000 basis to the partnership. What are the tax consequences of the liquidating

> Rhonda has a basis of $8,000 in a partnership at the beginning of the year. She receives $12,000 in cash distributions, and her distributive share of income is $2,500. a. Is Rhonda required to recognize any gain? If so, how much? b. What is Rhonda’s en

> How are the basis and holding period of the replacement property in an involuntary conversion determined? Explain.

> Barry and Kurt are equal partners in the BK Partnership. Barry receives a guaranteed payment of $55,000. In addition to the guaranteed payment, Barry withdraws $10,000 from the partnership. The partnership has $24,000 in ordinary income during the year.

> Dennis, Suzy, and Katherine form a partnership. Dennis and Suzy give equipment and a building, respectively. Katherine agrees to perform all of the accounting and office work in exchange for a 10% interest. a. Do any of the partners recognize any gain?

> Denise contributes the following assets to a partnership in exchange for a 25% partnership interest: What is Denise’s beginning basis in her partnership interest? FMV $ 20,000 S 12,000 $ 20,000 Basis $ 20,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,000 Cash

> When a passive activity is sold or otherwise disposed of, what happens to any suspended losses from that activity?

> Discuss the characteristics of a like-kind asset. Must the asset received in a like-kind exchange be an exact duplicate of the asset given? Explain.

> Are guaranteed payments treated as ordinary items or as separately stated items?

> What is a wash sale, and why are losses from wash sales disallowed?

> How is depreciation calculated by the partnership when a partner contributes a business asset?

> Is partnership income considered self-employment income? If so, how is it calculated?

> When faced with an involuntary conversion, does the taxpayer have an unlimited amount of time to replace the converted property? Explain.

> What AMT adjustment items are likely to affect all taxpayers who itemize their deductions? Give examples.

> When must Form 6198 and Form 8582 be filed? Does the taxpayer file more than one Form 6198 or Form 8582?

> Why would smaller partnerships (and other businesses for that matter) use only the tax basis of accounting, which does not follow GAAP?

> Discuss the concept of steps into the shoes. Does this concept pertain to the partnership, the partners, or both?

> When a partnership receives an asset from a partner, does the partnership ever recognize a gain? What is the basis of the asset in the hands of the partnership after contribution?

> What is the concept of basis? In your discussion, differentiate between outside basis and inside basis.

> Define precontribution gain. What causes a partner to recognize it?

> The general rule is that partners do not recognize any gain when they receive a distribution. In what circumstances might a partner recognize a gain on a current distribution?

> How does a partner’s share of partnership liabilities affect his or her outside basis?

> What entity forms are considered partnerships for federal income tax purposes?

> Why does the marginal tax rate vary up and down for taxable incomes over $100,000?

> Why must some income and gain items be separately stated in a partnership?

> How is the outside basis of a partner allocated to assets in a liquidation of the partnership interest? Include in your answer the effects of distributing cash, ordinary assets, §1231 assets, and capital assets.

> How can a partnership interest be disposed of? Which disposal method is more likely to produce a gain or loss? How is the gain or loss calculated?

> A calendar year corporation properly files a Subchapter S election on January 10, 2017. On what date is the election effective? What if the election were filed on June 1, 2017?

> What criteria must a corporation meet to appropriately elect Subchapter S status?

> Explain the constructive ownership rules and how they relate to related-party transactions.

> What is a related-party loss, and why is it disallowed?

> Can a partner have a salary from a partnership? Why? What is a guaranteed payment?

> For purposes of the corporate alternative minimum tax, explain the application of the AMT exemption amount and its phaseout.

> Is a taxpayer allowed to take the §121 exclusion for a vacation home that was never rented? Explain.

> Explain the difference between organizational expenses and start-up expenditures. In what circumstances are they deductible?

> Explain the circumstances in which a corporation can use the accrual basis or the cash basis of accounting.

> Selected accounts of Leno Company are shown below. Instructions From an analysis of the T-accounts, reconstruct (a) The October transaction entries, and (b) The adjusting journal entries that were made on October 31, 2012. Prepare explanations for each

> William Bryant is the new owner of Ace Computer Services. At the end of August 2012, his first month of ownership, Bryant is trying to prepare monthly financial statements. Below is some information related to unrecorded expenses that the business incurr

> A partial adjusted trial balance of Safin Company at January 31, 2012, shows the following. Instructions Answer the following questions, assuming the year begins January 1. (a) If the amount in Supplies Expense is the January 31 adjusting entry, and $8

> Stephen King, D.D.S., opened a dental practice on January 1, 2012. During the first month of operations, the following transactions occurred. 1. Performed services for patients who had dental plan insurance. At January 31, $750 of such services was earne

> The ledger of Chopin Rental Agency on March 31 of the current year includes the following selected accounts before adjusting entries have been prepared. An analysis of the accounts shows the following. 1. The equipment depreciates $250 per month. 2. On

> The following trial balance of Oakley Co. does not balance. Each of the listed accounts should have a normal balance per the general ledger. An examination of the ledger and journal reveals the following errors. 1. Cash received from a customer on acco

> The following trial balance of Scarlatti Corporation does not balance. An examination of the ledger shows these errors. 1. Cash received from a customer on account was recorded (both debit and credit) as $1,580 instead of $1,850. 2. The purchase on acc

> Agazzi Repair Shop had the following transactions during the first month of business as a proprietorship. Journalize the transactions. (Omit explanations.) Aug. 2 Invested $12,000 cash and $2,500 of equipment in the business. 7 Purchased supplies on acco

> Flynn Design Agency was founded by Kevin Flynn in January 2006. Presented below is the adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2012. Instructions (a) Prepare an income statement and a statement of retained earnings for the year ending December 31, 20

> Presented below are selected account balances for Alistair Co. as of December 31, 2012. Instructions Prepare closing entries for Alistair Co. on December 31, 2012. $ 60,000 75,000 45,000 18,000 12,000 15,000 390,000 Inventory 12/31/12 $235,700 16,

> The trial balance of Geronimo Company, shown on the next page, does not balance. Your review of the ledger reveals the following: (a) Each account had a normal balance. (b) The debit footings in Prepaid Insurance, Accounts Payable, and Property Tax Expen

> Presented below is information related to Russell Corporation for the month of January 2012. Instructions Prepare the necessary closing entries. $202,000 Salaries and wages expense $ 61,000 Cost of goods sold Freight-out Insurance expense Rent expe

> The adjusted trial balance of Faulk Company shows the following data pertaining to sales at the end of its fiscal year, October 31, 2012: Sales Revenue $800,000, Freight-out $12,000, Sales Returns and Allowances $24,000, and Sales Discounts $12,000. Ins

> Kelly Company had cash receipts from customers in 2012 of $142,000. Cash payments for operating expenses were $97,000. Kelly has determined that at January 1, accounts receivable was $13,000, and prepaid expenses were $17,500. At December 31, accounts re

> The adjusted trial balance of Cavamanlis Co. as of December 31, 2012, contains the following. Instructions (a) Prepare an income statement. (b) Prepare a statement of retained earnings. (c) Prepare a classified balance sheet. CAVAMANLIS co. ADJUSTE

> Uhura Resort opened for business on June 1 with eight air-conditioned units. Its trial balance on August 31 is as follows. Other data: 1. The balance in prepaid insurance is a one-year premium paid on June 1, 2012. 2. An inventory count on August 31 sh

> Christine Ewing is a licensed CPA. During the first month of operations of her business (a sole proprietorship), the following events and transactions occurred. April 2 Invested $30,000 cash and equipment valued at $14,000 in the business. 2 Hired a secr

> The following information was taken from the records of Gibson Inc. for the year 2012: income tax applicable to income from continuing operations $119,000; income tax applicable to loss on discontinued operations $25,500; income tax applicable to extraor

> Bryant Co. reports the following information for 2012: sales revenue $750,000; cost of goods sold $500,000; operating expenses $80,000; and an unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities for 2012 of $50,000. It declared and paid a cash divid

> Armstrong Corporation reported the following for 2012: net sales $1,200,000; cost of goods sold $720,000; selling and administrative expenses $320,000; and an unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities $15,000. Instructions Prepare a state

> Zehms Company began operations in 2010 and adopted weighted-average pricing for inventory. In 2012, in accordance with other companies in its industry, Zehms changed its inventory pricing to FIFO. The pretax income data is reported below. Instructions

> At December 31, 2011, Schroeder Corporation had the following stock outstanding. 8% cumulative preferred stock, $100 par, 107,500 shares ………………………. $10,750,000 Common stock, $5 par, 4,000,000 shares ………………………………………………. 20,000,000 During 2012, Schroeder

> McEntire Corporation began operations on January 1, 2009. During its first 3 years of operations, McEntire reported net income and declared dividends as follows. The following information relates to 2012. Income before income tax …&

> Presented below are selected ledger accounts of Woods Corporation at December 31, 2012. Woods’s effective tax rate on all items is 34%. A physical inventory indicates that the ending inventory is $686,000. Instructions Prepare a cond

> The stockholders’ equity section of Sosa Corporation appears below as of December 31, 2012. Net income for 2012 reflects a total effective tax rate of 34%. Included in the net income figure is a loss of $12,000,000 (before tax) as a r

> In 2012, Hollis Corporation reported net income of $1,000,000. It declared and paid preferred stock dividends of $250,000. During 2012, Hollis had a weighted average of 190,000 common shares outstanding. Compute Hollis’s 2012 earnings per share.

> Vandross Company has recorded bad debt expense in the past at a rate of 1½% of net sales. In 2012, Vandross decides to increase its estimate to 2%. If the new rate had been used in prior years, cumulative bad debt expense would have been $380,000 instead