If an electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field, does the electric potential energy of the charge – field system (a) Increase, (b) Decrease, or (c) Remain the same?
> On a very hot day, it’s possible to cook an egg on the hood of a car. Would you select a black car or a white car on which to cook your egg? Why?
> Objects A and B with TA > TB are placed in thermal contact and come to equilibrium. (a) For which object does the entropy increase? (b) For which object does the entropy decrease? (c) Which object has the greater magnitude of entropy change?
> Objects A and B have the same size and shape with emissivities eA and eB and temperatures TA and TB, respectively. (a) If eA = eB and TB = 4TA, what is the ratio PB /PA of their radiated powers? (b) If, instead, they radiate the same power and eA = 4eB,
> The first law of thermodynamics is ΔU = Q + W. For each of the following cases, state whether the internal energy of an ideal gas increases, decreases, or remains constant: (a) No energy is transferred to the gas as it expands to twice its original volum
> In a calorimetry experiment, three samples A, B, and C with TA > TB > TC are placed in thermal contact. When the samples have reached thermal equilibrium at a common temperature T, which one of the following must be true? (a) QA > QB > QC (b) QA < 0, QB
> A heat engine does work Weng while absorbing energy Qh from the hot reservoir and expelling energy Qc to the cold reservoir. Which one of the following is impossible? (a) |Qh| > |Qc| > Weng (b) |Qh| > Weng > |Qc| (c) |Qh| > Weng = |Qc| (d) Weng > |Qh| (e
> The U.S. penny is now made of copper-coated zinc. Can a calorimetric experiment be devised to test for the metal content in a collection of pennies? If so, describe the procedure.
> An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process so that no energy enters or leaves the gas by heat. Which one of the following statements is true? (a) Because no energy is added by heat, the temperature cannot change. (b) The temperature increases if the gas
> Steam at 100.°C is added to ice at 0°C. (a) Find the amount of ice melted and the final temperature when the mass of steam is 10. g and the mass of ice is 50. g. (b) Repeat with steam of mass 1.0 g and ice of mass 50. g.
> Different amounts of thermal energy are added to each of three isolated samples A, B, and C of lead. If the energy transfers are ordered as QB > QC > QA and each sample undergoes the same temperature change, which sample has the largest mass?
> Clearly distinguish among temperature, heat, and internal energy.
> Equal masses of substance A at 10.0°C and substance B at 90.0°C are placed in a well-insulated container of negligible mass and allowed to come to equilibrium. If the equilibrium temperature is 75.0°C, which substance has the larger specific heat? (a) Su
> Which one of the following statements is true? (a) The path on a PV diagram always goes from the smaller volume to the larger volume. (b) The path on a PV diagram always goes from the smaller pressure to the larger pressure. (c) The area under the path o
> On a clear, cold night, why does frost tend to form on the tops, rather than the sides, of mailboxes and cars?
> For each of the following temperatures, find the equivalent temperature on the indicated scale: (a) -273.15°C on the Fahrenheit scale, (b) 98.6°F on the Celsius scale, and (c) 1.00 x 102 K on the Fahrenheit scale.
> Calculate the slopes for the A, C, and E portions of Figure 11.3. Rank the slopes from least to greatest and explain what your ranking means. (a) A, C, E (b) C, A, E (c) E, A, C (d) E, C, A Figure 11.3:
> Suppose you have 1 kg each of iron, glass, and water, and all three samples are at 10°C. (a) Rank the samples from lowest to highest temperature after 100 J of energy is added to each by heat. (b) Rank them from least to greatest amount of energy transfe
> The switch is closed in Figure 18.20. After a long time compared with the time constant of the circuit, what will the current be in the 2 - Ω resistor? (a) 4 A (b) 3 A (c) 2 A (d) 1 A (e) More information is needed. Figure 18.20:
> If the light-bulbs in Quick Quiz 18.7 are connected one by one in series instead of in parallel, what happens to (a) The brightness of the light-bulbs? (b) The individual currents in the light-bulbs? (c) The power delivered by the battery? (d) The lifeti
> A 60.0-kg runner expends 3.00 x 102 W of power while running a marathon. Assuming 10.0% of the energy is delivered to the muscle tissue and that the excess energy is removed from the body primarily by sweating, determine the volume of bodily fluid (assum
> Suppose you have three identical light-bulbs, some wire, and a battery. You connect one light-bulb to the battery and take note of its brightness. You add a second light-bulb, connecting it in parallel with the previous light-bulbs, and again take note o
> When the switch is open in Figure 18.8, power Po is delivered to the resistor R1. When the switch is closed, which of the following is true about the power Pc delivered to R1? (Neglect the internal resistance of the battery.) (a) Pc (b) Pc = Po (c) Pc &g
> In Figure 18.8, the current is measured with the ammeter on the right side of the circuit diagram. When the switch is closed, does the reading on the ammeter (a) Increase, (b) Decrease, or (c) Remain the same? Figure 18.8:
> The circuit in Figure 18.5 consists of two resistors, a switch, an ammeter, and a battery. When the switch is closed, power Pc is delivered to resistor R1. When the switch is opened, which of the following statements is true about the power Po delivered
> In Figure 18.5, the current is measured with the ammeter at the bottom of the circuit. When the switch is opened, does the reading on the ammeter (a) Increase, (b) Decrease, or (c) Not change? Figure 18.5:
> Why does a battery get warm while in use?
> True or False: While discharging, the terminal voltage of a battery can never be greater than the emf of the battery.
> Two resistors, A and B, are connected in a series circuit with a battery. The resistance of A is twice that of B. Which resistor dissipates more power? (a) Resistor A does. (b) Resistor B does. (c) More information is needed.
> For the two resistors shown in Figure 17.12, rank the currents at points a through f from largest to smallest. (a) Ia = Ib > Ie = If > Ic = Id (b) Ia = Ib > Ic = Id > Ie = If (c) Ie = If > Ic = Id > Ia = Ib Figure 17.12:
> A voltage DV is applied across the ends of a Nichrome heater wire having a cross-sectional area A and length L. The same voltage is applied across the ends of a second Nichrome heater wire having a cross-sectional area A and length 2L. Which wire gets ho
> A high - end gas stove usually has at least one burner rated at 14000 Btu/h. (a) If you place a 0.25-kg aluminum pot containing 2.0 liters of water at 20.°C on this burner, how long will it take to bring the water to a boil, assuming all the heat from th
> Suppose an electrical wire is replaced with one having every linear dimension doubled (i.e., the length and radius have twice their original values). Does the wire now have (a) More resistance, (b) Less resistance, or (c) The same resistance than before?
> All electric devices are required to have identifying plates that specify their electrical characteristics. The plate on a certain steam iron states that the iron carries a current of 6.00 A when connected to a source of 1.20 x 102 V. What is the resista
> In Figure 17.9b does the resistance of the diode (a) Increase or (b) Decrease as the positive voltage DV increases? Figure 17.9:
> Look at the four “circuits” shown in Figure 17.6 and select those that will light the bulb. Figure 17.6:
> Suppose a current-carrying wire has a cross-sectional area that gradually becomes smaller along the wire so that the wire has the shape of a very long, truncated cone. How does the drift speed vary along the wire? (a) It slows down as the cross section b
> The diameter of wire A is greater than the diameter of wire B, but their lengths and resistivities are identical. For a given voltage difference across the ends, what is the relationship between PA and PB, the dissipated power for wires A and B, respecti
> Consider positive and negative charges all moving horizontally with the same speed through the four regions in Figure 17.2. Rank the magnitudes of the currents in these four regions from lowest to highest. (Ia is the current in Figure 17.2a, Ib the curre
> A parallel-plate capacitor is disconnected from a battery, and the plates are pulled a small distance farther apart. Do the following quantities increase, decrease, or stay the same? (a) C (b) Q (c) E between the plates (d) ΔV (e) PEC
> A capacitor is designed so that one plate is large and the other is small. If the plates are connected to a battery, (a) The large plate has a greater charge than the small plate, (b) The large plate has less charge than the small plate, or (c) The plate
> An electron initially at rest accelerates through a potential difference of 1 V, gaining kinetic energy KEe, whereas a proton, also initially at rest, accelerates through a potential difference of -1 V, gaining kinetic energy KEp. Which of the following
> When you jog, most of the food energy you burn above your basal metabolic rate (BMR) ends up as internal energy that would raise your body temperature if it were not eliminated. The evaporation of perspiration is the primary mechanism for eliminating thi
> A spherical balloon contains a positively charged particle at its center. As the balloon is inflated to a larger volume while the charged particle remains at the center, which of the following are true? (a) The electric potential at the surface of the ba
> Consider a collection of charges in a given region and suppose all other charges are distant and have a negligible effect. Further, the electric potential is taken to be zero at infinity. If the electric potential at a given point in the region is zero,
> If a negatively charged particle is placed at point B in Figure 16.3 and given a very small kick to the right, what will its subsequent motion be? Will it (a) Go to the right and not return, (b) Go to the left, (c) Remain at point B, or (d) Oscillate aro
> Figure 16.3 is a graph of an electric potential as a function of position. If a positively charged particle is placed at point A, what will its subsequent motion be? Will it (a) Go to the right, (b) Go to the left, (c) Remain at point A, or (d) Oscillate
> If a negatively charged particle is placed at rest in an electric potential field that increases in the positive x - direction, will the particle (a) Accelerate in the positive x - direction, (b) Accelerate in the negative x - direction, or (c) Remain at
> Consider a parallel-plate capacitor with a dielectric material between the plates. If the temperature of the dielectric increases, does the capacitance (a) Decrease, (b) Increase, or (c) Remain the same?
> A fully charged parallel-plate capacitor remains connected to a battery while a dielectric is slid between the plates. Do the following quantities increase, decrease, or stay the same? (a) C (b) Q (c) E between the plates (d) ΔV (e) PEC
> Find the electric flux through the surface in Figure 15.28. Assume all charges in the shaded area are inside the surface. (a) -(3 C)/є0 (b) (3 C)/є0 (c) 0 (d) -(6 C)/є0 Figure 15.28:
> Suppose the electric field of Quick Quiz 15.7 is tilted 60° away from the positive z - direction. Calculate the magnitude of the flux through the same area. (a) 0 (b) 10.0 N · m2/C (c) 20.0 N · m2/C (d) More information is needed Electric Field in Quick
> A 40.-g block of ice is cooled to -78°C and is then added to 560 g of water in an 80.-g copper calorimeter at a temperature of 25°C. Determine the final temperature of the system consisting of the ice, water, and calorimeter. (If not all the ice melts, d
> Calculate the magnitude of the flux of a constant electric field of 5.00 N/C in the z - direction through a rectangle with area 4.00 m2 in the x y - plane. (a) 0 (b) 10.0 N · m2/C (c) 20.0 N · m2/C (d) More information is needed
> Rank the magnitudes of the electric field at points A, B, and C in Figure 15.15, with the largest magnitude first. (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) C, A, B (d) The answer can’t be determined by visual inspection. Figure 15.15:
> A “free” electron and a “free” proton are placed in an identical electric field. Which of the following statements are true? (a) Each particle is acted upon by the same electric force and has the same acceleration. (b) The electric force on the proton is
> A circular ring of charge of radius b has a total charge q uniformly distributed around it. Find the magnitude of the electric field in the center of the ring. (a) 0 (b) keq/b2 (c) keq2/b2 (d) keq2/b (e) None of these answers is correct.
> A test charge of +3μC is at a point P where the electric field due to other charges is directed to the right and has a magnitude of 4 x 106 N/C. If the test charge is replaced with a charge of -3μC, the electric field at P (a) Has the same magnitude as b
> For a closed surface through which the net flux is zero, each of the following four statements could be true. Which of the statements must be true? (There may be more than one.) (a) There are no charges inside the surface. (b) The net charge inside the s
> A suspended object A is attracted to a neutral wall. It’s also attracted to a positively - charged object B. Which of the following is true about object A? (a) It is uncharged. (b) It has a negative charge. (c) It has a positive charge. (d) It may be eit
> You are tuning a guitar by comparing the sound of the string with that of a standard tuning fork. You notice a beat frequency of 5 Hz when both sounds are present. As you tighten the guitar string, the beat frequency rises steadily to 8 Hz. To tune the s
> Balboa Park in San Diego has an outdoor organ. When the air temperature increases, the fundamental frequency of one of the organ pipes (a) Increases, (b) Decreases, (c) Stays the same, or (d) Is impossible to determine. (The thermal expansion of the pipe
> Into a 0.500-kg aluminum container at 20.0°C is placed 6.00 kg of ethyl alcohol at 30.0°C and 1.00 kg ice at -10.0°C. Assume the system is insulated from its environment. (a) Identify all five thermal energy transfers tha
> A pipe open at both ends resonates at a fundamental frequency fopen. When one end is covered and the pipe is again made to resonate, the fundamental frequency is fclosed. Which of the following expressions describes how these two resonant frequencies com
> Which of the following frequencies are higher harmonics of a string with fundamental frequency of 150 Hz? (a) 200 Hz (b) 300 Hz (c) 400 Hz (d) 500 Hz (e) 600 Hz
> As an airplane flying with constant velocity moves from a cold air mass into a warm air mass, does the Mach number (a) Increase, (b) Decrease, or (c) Remain the same?
> Suppose you’re on a hot air balloon ride, carrying a buzzer that emits a sound of frequency f. If you accidentally drop the buzzer over the side while the balloon is rising at constant speed, what can you conclude about the sound you hear as the buzzer f
> Which of the following actions will increase the speed of sound in air? (a) Decreasing the air temperature (b) Increasing the frequency of the sound (c) Increasing the air temperature (d) Increasing the amplitude of the sound wave (e) Reducing the pressu
> The period of a simple pendulum is measured to be T on the Earth. If the same pendulum were set in motion on the Moon, would its period be (a) Less than T, (b) Greater than T, or (c) Equal to T?
> A pendulum clock depends on the period of a pendulum to keep correct time. Suppose a pendulum clock is keeping correct time and then Dennis the Menace slides the bob of the pendulum downward on the oscillating rod. Does the clock run (a) Slow, (b) Fast,
> A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a stationary elevator, and the period is measured. If the elevator moves with constant velocity, does the period (a) Increase, (b) Decrease, or (c) Remain the same? If the elevator accelerates upward, do
> If the amplitude of a system moving in simple harmonic motion is doubled, which of the following quantities doesn’t change? (a) Total energy (b) Maximum speed (c) Maximum acceleration (d) Period
> Consider the situation in Quick Quiz 13.4. Is the subsequent total mechanical energy of the object with mass 4m (a) Greater than, (b) Less than, or (c) Equal to the original total mechanical energy? Quick Quiz 13.4: An object of mass m is attached to a
> A 75-kg cross-country skier glides over snow as in Figure P11.33. The coefficient of friction between skis and snow is 0.20. Assume all the snow beneath her skis is at 0°C and that all the internal energy generated by friction is added to snow
> An object of mass m is attached to a horizontal spring, stretched to a displacement A from equilibrium, and released, undergoing harmonic oscillations on a frictionless surface with period T0. The experiment is then repeated with a mass of 4m. What’s the
> When an object moving in simple harmonic motion is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, which of the following is at a maximum? (a) Velocity, (b) Acceleration, or (c) Kinetic energy
> For a simple harmonic oscillator, which of the following pairs of vector quantities can’t both point in the same direction? (The position vector is the displacement from equilibrium.) (a) Position and velocity (b) Velocity and acceleration (c) Position a
> A block on the end of a horizontal spring is pulled from equilibrium at x = 0 to x = A and released. Through what total distance does it travel in one full cycle of its motion? (a) A/2 (b) A (c) 2A (d) 4A
> Suppose you are throwing two dice in a friendly game of craps. For any given throw, the two numbers that are faceup can have a sum of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12. Which outcome is most probable? Which is least probable?
> Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) ΔS < 0 (b) ΔS = 0 (c) ΔS > 0
> Three engines operate between reservoirs separated in temperature by 300 K. The reservoir temperatures are as follows: Engine A: Th = 1 000 K, Tc = 700 K Engine B: Th = 800 K, Tc = 500 K Engine C: Th = 600 K, Tc = 300 K Rank the engines in order of their
> Identify the paths A, B, C, and D in Figure 12.11 as isobaric, isothermal, isovolumetric, or adiabatic. For path B, Q = 0. Figure 12.11:
> By visual inspection, order the PV diagrams shown in Figure 12.5 from the most negative work done on the system to the most positive work done on the system. (a) a, b, c, d (b) a, c, b, d (c) d, b, c, a (d) d, a, c, b Figure 12.5:
> Stars A and B have the same temperature, but star A has twice the radius of star B. (a) What is the ratio of star A’s power output to star B’s output due to electromagnetic radiation? The emissivity of both stars can be assumed to be 1. (b) Repeat the qu
> How much energy is required to change a 40.-g ice cube from ice at -10.°C to steam at 110.°C?
> Two rods of the same length and diameter are made from different materials. The rods are to connect two regions of different temperature so that energy will transfer through the rods by heat. They can be connected in series, as in Figure 11.7a, or in par
> Will an ice cube wrapped in a wool blanket remain frozen for (a) Less time, (b) The same length of time, or (c) A longer time than an identical ice cube exposed to air at room temperature?
> The boiling point of liquid hydrogen is 20.3 K at atmospheric pressure. What is this temperature on (a) The Celsius scale and (b) The Fahrenheit scale?
> The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer is 0.700 atm at 1.00 x 102°C and 0.512 atm at 0°C. (a) What is the temperature when the pressure is 0.0400 atm? (b) What is the pressure at 450°C?
> Long-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in
> A 1.5-m-long glass tube that is closed at one end is weighted and lowered to the bottom of a freshwater lake. When the tube is recovered, an indicator mark shows that water rose to within 0.40 m of the closed end. Determine the depth of the lake. Assume
> A steel beam being used in the construction of a skyscraper has a length of 35.000 m when delivered on a cold day at a temperature of 15.000°F. What is the length of the beam when it is being installed later on a warm day when the temperature is 90.000°F
> Consider an object with any one of the shapes displayed in Table 8.1. What is the percentage increase in the moment of inertia of the object when it is warmed from 0°C to 100.°C if it is composed of (a) Copper or (b) Aluminum? Assum
> A popular brand of cola contains 6.50 g of carbon dioxide dissolved in 1.00 L of soft drink. If the evaporating carbon dioxide is trapped in a cylinder at 1.00 atm and 20.0°C, what volume does the gas occupy?
> The active element of a certain laser is made of a glass rod 30.0 cm long and 1.50 cm in diameter. Assume the average coefficient of linear expansion of the glass is 9.00 x 10-6 (°C)-1. If the temperature of the rod increases by 65.0°C, what is the incre
> A 100.-g cube of ice at 0°C is dropped into 1.0 kg of water that was originally at 80.°C. What is the final temperature of the water after the ice has melted?
> Inside the wall of a house, an L-shaped section of hot-water pipe consists of three parts: a straight horizontal piece h = 28.0 cm long, an elbow, and a straight, vertical piece â„“ = 134 cm long (Fig. P10.51). A stud and a second-story f
> In a period of 1.0 s, 5.0 x 1023 nitrogen molecules strike a wall of area 8.0 cm2. If the molecules move at 3.00 x 102 m/s and strike the wall head-on in a perfectly elastic collision, find the pressure exerted on the wall. (The mass of one N2 molecule i
> Superman leaps in front of Lois Lane to save her from a volley of bullets. In a 1-minute interval, an automatic weapon fires 150 bullets, each of mass 8.0 g, at 4.00 x 102 m/s. The bullets strike his mighty chest, which has an area of 0.75 m2. Find the a
> A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of ideal gas at a pressure of 1.60 x 106 Pa. Find (a) The temperature of the gas and (b) The average kinetic energy of a gas molecule in the vessel. (c) What additional information would you need if you were asked to f
> At what temperature would the rms speed of helium atoms equal (a) The escape speed from Earth, 1.12 x 104 m/s and (b) The escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 x 103 m/s? Note: The mass of a helium atom is 6.64 x 10-27 kg.
