[SOLVED] In July 2010, reports surfaced about a

In July 2010, reports surfaced about a Stuxnet worm that had been targeting Iran’s nuclear facilities. In November of that year, Iran’s President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad publicly acknowledged that malicious software had infected the Iranian nuclear facilities and disrupted the nuclear program by disabling the facilities' centrifuges. Stuxnet had earned its place in history as the first visible example of industrial cyberwarfare.
To date, Stuxnet is the most sophisticated cyberweapon ever deployed. Stuxnet’s mission was to activate only computers that ran Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software used in Siemens centrifuges to enrich uranium. The Windows-based worm had a “dual warhead.” One part was designed to lay dormant for long periods, then speed up Iran’s nuclear centrifuges so that they spun wildly out of control. Another secretly recorded what normal operations at the nuclear plant looked like and then played those recordings back to plant operators so it would appear that the centrifuges were operating normally when they were actually tearing themselves apart.
The worm’s sophistication indicated the work of highly skilled professionals. “I view Stuxnet as a weapons delivery system, like the B-2 Bomber,” said Michael Assante, president and CEO at the National Board of Information Security Examiners. The software program code was highly modular, so that it could be easily changed to attack different systems. Stuxnet only became active when it encountered a specific configuration of controllers, running a set of processes limited to centrifuge plants.
Over 60 percent of Stuxet-infected computers are in Iran, and digital security company Kaspersky Labs speculates that the worm was launched with nation-state support (probably from Israel and the United States) with the intention of disabling some or all of Iran’s uranium enrichment program. Stuxnet wiped out about one-fifth of Iran’s nuclear centrifuges. The damage was irreparable and is believed to have delayed Iran’s ability to make nuclear arms by as much as five years. And no one is certain that the Stuxnet attacks are over. Some experts who examined the Stuxnet software code believe it contains the seeds for more versions and attacks.
According to a Tofino Security report, Stuxnet is capable of infecting even well-secured computer systems that follow industry best practices. Companies’ need for interconnectivity between control systems make it nearly impossible to defend against a well-constructed, multi-pronged attack such as Stuxnet.
In general, cyberwarfare attacks have become much more widespread, sophisticated, and potentially devastating. There are 250,000 probes trying to find their way into U.S. Department of Defense networks every hour, and cyberattacks on U.S. federal agencies have increased 150 percent since 2008.
In July 2009, 27 American and South Korean government agencies and other organizations were hit by a DDoS attack. An estimated 65,000 computers belonging to foreign botnets flooded their Web sites with access requests. Affected sites included those of the White House, the Treasury, the Federal Trade Commission, the Defense Department, the Secret Service, the New York Stock Exchange, and the Washington Post, in addition to the Korean Defense Ministry, National Assembly, and the presidential Blue House. The attacks slowed down most of the U.S. sites and forced several South Korean sites to stop operating. North Korea or pro-North Korean groups were suspected to be behind the attacks………

1. Is cyberwarfare a serious problem? Why or why not?
2. Assess the people, organizational, and technology factors that have created this problem.
3. What makes Stuxnet different from other cyberwarfare attacks? How serious a threat is this technology?
4. What solutions for have been proposed for this problem? Do you think they will be effective?
Why or why not?

Question: In July 2010, reports surfaced about a