NOTE: Most likely you answered no above (it's OK if you said yes). Methane is not a flat molecule, as the structural formula seems to indicate. The structural formulas we have been drawing usually do not accurately represent the actual three-dimensional shape of the molecules. This is OK as long as we are aware of this limitation. Later we will talk more about the actual shape. Exercise 6: Imagine the molecule methanol, CH3OH. Draw the structural formula for methanol. Based on your work with the models try and draw methanol as a model of it would look. Should they look identical in shape? Fill in your answer below, provide an explanation for your answer. NOTE: We could have written the molecular formula for methanol as CH4O. Writing it as CH3OH makes it more clear what the actual bonding is. So, often molecular formulas will be written in a clearer way like this. Exercise 7: Make a skeletal drawing of propane (C3H8) then draw the condensed structural formula. Make a full structure drawing of ethylene (C2H4) then draw the condensed structural formula. Make a skeletal drawing of C2H6O. Now make another one that is structurally different form the first one! NOTE: The structures in part C are examples of isomers, compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. If you must break and make new bonds in order to convert one structure into the other, then they are isomers Exercise 8: Take one of the models of C2H6O. Are there any ways that you can change its shape, that aren’t just looking at it from different angles, without breaking any bonds? Fill in your answer below, provide an explanation for your answer. Exercise 9: Name and draw skeletal drawing for all of the structural isomers of C4H10. Hint: There are two. You may find it helpful to build models to solve this exercise. Exercise 10: Name and draw skeletal drawing for all of the structural isomers of C5H12. Hint: There are three. Exercise 11: Name and draw skeletal drawing for all of the isomers of C4H8. Hint: There are six. Using naming can be very helpful with this one.
> Give the major product for the following reaction 1. CH, CH,0 CH;CH:0 CH OCH,CH; 2. CH;CHCH,Br 3. HC, Н.О, heat
> Determine the products formed in each reaction. ECH CHCH,CCH + (CH,CHCCHCH (CH,CHalCCcCH,CH, b1 .cCH CCH .CCH CH, HC H H a1 a ct CI А. HC=ce H3C H Oc=CCH;CH3 В. (CH3CH2)CCI HC=CO С. H D
> Give the major product for the following reaction. POCI; CH;-ÇH-CH,CH; он CH: H CH: CH; CH: CH CH; CH: H CH: CH: H H CH;CH;
> Give the major product for the following reaction: Brz ? (low concentration)
> Give the major product for the following reaction. PCC (CH,),CHCH,CH, H (CH; ),CHCH, CH CH;CH,CH,CH, CH CH; CH, CH, CH,COH (CH;),CHCH,COH no reaction
> Give the major product for the following reaction. 70. Give the major product for the following reaction. OOCH,CH, CH CH CH OCHCH, CH,CHCH 71. Give the major product for the following reaction. NaOCH, CH,OH CH;(CO,CH
> Give the major product for the following reaction. 1. PBr3, Br, CH,CH2COH 2. Н.о 1. CH3CH2COCI 2. H30* 1. CH,COCI HC. CH 2. H3O" NAOCH3, CH3OH CH:(CO;CH3);
> Give the major product for the following reaction. 1. NaOCH 2. BICH,CH,CH,CH;Br CH:(CO,CH,), 3. NaOCH, 4. H,O", A 1. NaOEt 2. CH,CH-сHсосн, (Eto,C),CH, 3. NaOH, H,0 4. HCI, H,О 5. heat heat CH;CH, CH, CH; CH он 1. CH,00 CH;0 CH,CH;CH;CH: OCH: 2. H
> Choose the aromatic compounds among those shown. Check all that apply. Zエ CH, HN
> Draw the Lewis structures for a. HIO3 b. H2CO3 c. TeF6 d. PH3
> Choose the aromatic compounds among those shown. Check all that apply. CH CH* CH CH* CH*
> Choose the aromatic compounds among those shown. Check all that apply. CH CH CH CH CH CH" CH, HN
> Part A Choose the aromatic compounds among those shown. Check all that apply. Choose the aromatic compounds among those shown. Check all that apply. CH, HN Which of the following is the best choice of reagents to effect the electrophilic iodinatio
> Which one of the following molecules would you expect to be polar? CCl4 CH2Cl2 BeCl2 PCl5 SCl4F2
> A. BeCl2 -+labels Is BeCl2 polar or nonpolar? B. SO2 -+labels Is SO2 polar or nonpolar? C. SCl2 -+labels Is SCl2 polar or nonpolar? A. BeI2 -+labels Is BeI2 polar or nonpolar? B. H2O -+labels Is H2O polar or nonpolar? C. AlBr3 -+labels Is AlBr3 pol
> a. NH3 nonpolar or polar? b. IF5 polar or nonpolar? c. SF6 nonpolar or polar? d. SeBr4 polar or nonpolar? e. SO2 polar or nonpolar? f. O3 polar or nonpolar?
> polar or nonpolar. HCP Polar or nonpolar HASO42- (aq) Polar or nonpolar bus polar or nonpolar. HCP Polar or nonpolar HASO, (aq) Polar or nonpolar SOBR4 Polar or nonpolar Polar or nonpolar IF4
> PCl3 Br2 is a nonpolar molecule. Based on this information, determine the Cl-P-Cl bond angle, the Br-P-Br bond angle, and the Cl-P-Br bond angle. Enter the number of degrees of the Cl-P-Cl Part A PC13B12 is a nonpolar molecule. Based on this inform
> Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability. CH CH,CH;CHCH CH,CH,CCH, CH,CH CH: 4. 3 2.
> Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability. most stable least stable -CH; CH3 CH2
> Formula Total e-Positions # of valence e- Lone Pairs Single Double Bonds Bonds Lewis Structures, if equivalent resonance structures are predicted, Formula # of valence e- Lewis Structure (s, if equivalent resonance Lone Single Double Bonds Bonds Tota
> Indicate the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry for each of the six compounds listed below by completing the following table (bent, trigonal planar, linear, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal) compound electron pair geometry molecular geo
> The molecular geometry of the PF4 ion is A. octahedral B. tetrahedral C. trigonal pyramidal D. trigonal planar E. trigonal bipyramidal
> Which of the following does not have a tetrahedral molecular geometry? A. CF4 B. PF4+ C. SeF4 D. SiF4
> Bonding atoms Total # Species of electron regions CO32- Lone pair Type (p) on AB,E. central atom Electron Shape domain (molecular geometry geometry) Angle Bear hybridization VSEPR THEORY: MOLECULAR GEOMETRY Total # Species of electron reglons Lone p
> The molecular geometry of the PF4+ ion is _____. Draw the lewis structure.
> What is the molecular geometry of PF4?
> The following hydrogenation reaction, draw the correct organic product and select the correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant. Pt + H H Select the correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant. (Z)-3-ethyl-2-butene (E)-3-methyl-2-pentene (E)-3-met
> Give the mechanism for the following Hydrogenation reactions: the a. Polle Hz b. Pale CH3 He C. Ra-Ni
> Fill in the missing organic products or reactants for the following hydrogenation reactions. b. H2 Pt catalyst
> The balanced reaction between HCl and sodium benzoate is given and what volume of 1 M HCl is required to react with 3.74 g of sodium benzoate?
> Predict the shapes of a. IO4- b. IF4- c. TeF6 d. SiO4 e. ICI2 Include the lewis structure
> 1. Draw the full Lewis structure and bond-line structure of benzoic acid. Using the pKa table on the next page, list the approximate pKa of benzoic acid. Explain the structural feature(s) of benzoic acid that cause its acidity 2. Draw the acid-base reac
> The procedure called for reacting 2.00 g of sodium benzoate (13.9 mmol) with 5 mL of 3M HCl. a. Calculate how many mmols of HCl was added if exactly 5 mL of the acid was used. b. Based on the amounts of sodium benzoate and HCl used, which reactant is the
> Based on the pKa of benzoic acid and the pKa of HCl, what do you hypothesize will happen in terms of reaction equilibrium? a. the equilibrium will favor the starting materials (sodium benzoate and HCl) because HCl has a lower pKa b. the equilibrium will
> What are sodium benzoate and HCL mechanism and the equation is? Explain through le Chatelier principle and acid-base reaction?
> Explain the purpose of adding 6 M HCl to the aqueous layer with sodium benzoate. Draw the reaction between sodium benzoate and HCl.
> Label each of the following molecules as cis or trans. Br H,C OH Br
> Name the following molecules. Label the molecules below as either cis or trans and either E or Z where appropriate. CI CI F. F. /-
> Which enzymes of the glycolysis pathway catalyze irreversible reactions, and why are they irreversible?
> 12. Which steps of reactions in glycolysis are irreversible? 13. Which reaction is the first committed step of reaction in glycolysis?
> 1. What is glycolysis? Give a brief overview of glycolysis. 2. Name the enzymes involved in and write the chemical reaction of irreversible reactions of glycolysis.
> Draw the Lewis structure for the ethylene (C2H4) molecule. Be sure to include all resonance structures that satisfy the octet rule.
> Select the irreversible reactions of glycolysis. conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphos
> Draw the Lewis structure and label the functional group. Table 1: Lewis structures & Functional groups for Simple Organic Compounds Formula Lewis Structure (with at least ONE functional group (from Table 15.1 - CIRCLED & labelled) Example: - Aldehyd
> Complete the Lewis structures for the following resonance forms of C2H5NO. Be sure to include formal charges. Circle the resonance structure that is the LEAST important contributor to the resonance hybrid. Explain your choice. C-NH, — с HC H3C - NH,
> Draw the Lewis structure for acetamine C2H5NO. Acetamine molecules have one carbonyl group and one amino group. Be certain you include any lone pairs.
> To draw the Lewis Structure of C2H5NO
> Draw the main Lewis structure of NOF. Draw nonbonding electrons using the dot notation, and bonding electrons as a bond.
> What is the correct way to draw the lewis structure and why? C2H5NO
> Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. PROBLEM 5.2 10 in -9 in. Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 12 in S in. PROBLEM 5.3 NI 90 mm 135 mm Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 270 mm
> A sample of C2H5NO contains 46.2 grams of C2H5NO. How many miles of O are present?
> Draw a Lewis diagram for C2H5NH2
> Draw at least three different resonance structures for each of the following compounds. You will need to draw a Lewis Dot structure first. Include all formal charges for each resonance structure. a. C2H5NO (one carbonyl group) b. Benzene (C6H6) c. N2O
> Name the following compound: Question #2 - Name the following compounds: ОН O OH HO Question #1 – Name the following compound: H. Question #2 – Name the following compounds: о он OH H Question #3 – Name the following compound: о
> Name the following compound: Br Question 08 - Name the following compound: Br Question 89 - Name the following compound: Question 10 - Name the following compound: Question 11 - Name the following compound: Question #12 - Name the following compound:
> The pKa of propanoic acid is 4.85. What is the pH of a 0.125 M aqueous solution of sodium propanoate? Why is the answer 8.97?
> If a propanoic acid/propanoate buffer is 0.022 M in propanoic acid and has a pH of 5.21, what is the molar concentration of the propanoate ion? The pKa of propanoic acid is 4.89.
> Trisulfur, S3, is one form that elemental sulfur can have. Draw the Lewis structure of S3. How many double bonds are there on the central sulfur atom? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4
> Circle and label the functional groups in the molecules below: SH
> Label the functional groups in the molecule. alkoxy group carbonyl group - carbonyl group thiol group NH hydroxyl group LOH - hydraxyl group alkoxy group thiol group HS amide group amine group carbonyl group NH - amine group halo group halo group ami
> What is the product of the following reaction? Explain. NBS hu NBS ROOR HBr ROOR
> Which of the following molecules contain sphingosine? Select all that apply. Molecule A A HO-CH-CH=CH CH2 CH2 CA, CH2 CH2 °CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 Molecule B CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH-NH-C-CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, C Molecule C
> Determine the products formed in each reaction. .CCH CCH CCH D H CH H,C H c1 a1 CCH CHCH,CHCH (CH,CHCCHCH, (CH,CH)CCCCH,CH, b b1 A. CI HC CO H,C H ec=CCH,CH B. (CH3CH2);CCI CI HC CO C. H D
> Determine the products formed in each reaction. If there is no reaction, label the reaction as "no reaction". [1] LDA no reaction (2] CH;CH,I to Nal of (1] LDA [2) CH;CH2I of (1] NaOEt 2] CH,CH 131 HO OEt
> Write the formula for each ionic compound below, and circle if the compound is Ionic or Molecular. If the compound is ionic, circle if it is water soluble. Circle If Ionic, water soluble? Compound Formula Ionic or Molecular Yes or No 1 manganese(IV)
> Classify the following compounds according to their type as ionic or molecular, respectively. PCl5, KBr, AlCl3 molecular, ionic, ionic ionic, ionic, ionic ionic, molecular, molecular molecular, ionic, molecular
> A. Kr Draw the Lewis dot structure for Kr. B. P Draw the Lewis dot structure for P. C. B Draw the Lewis dot structure for B. D. Na Draw the Lewis dot structure for Na.
> Which compound below exhibits resonance? In other words, which has resonance structures when the Lewis dot structure is drawn? a. NaF b. H2O c. NO31- d. C2H2 e. PF3
> Lewis structure, number of electron regions, hybridization, electric geometry, number of lone pairs, molecular geometry, bond angles and polar or non-polar for trisulfur S3
> Classifying Ionic versus Covalent / Lewis Dot Structures of Atoms Classify the following compounds as ionic ([metal or ammonium ion) + (non-metal or polyatomic ion]), covalent (nonmetal+ nonmetal). CaCl2 CO2 H20 BaSO4 K20 NaF NazCO3 CH4 SO, LiBr MgO
> Determine the overall charge on each complex. 1. tetrachlorocuprate(II) 2. tetraaquadichlorochromium(III
> A. Is SiH4 polar or nonpolar B. Is SCl2 polar or nonpolar C. Is BeBr2 polar or nonpolar D. Is NOCl polar or nonpolar E. Is AlBr3 polar or nonpolar
> Which of the following compounds are polar? Select "polar" or "nonpolar" for each compound. Polar Nonpolar ICl5 Polar Nonpolar PBr5 Polar Nonpolar SeCl4 Polar Nonpolar KrCl4 Polar Nonpolar KrCl2 Polar Nonpolar TeF6 Polar Nonpolar BrF3
> Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability. Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability. (CH)„ċCH,CH, CH,CH,CH-CH H CH,CH=CCH, 2 2>1>4> 3 3>4 > 2>1 2>1>3>4 4 > 3 >2>1
> Draw these Lewis structures: methanol, acetic acid, dimethyl ether.
> Which of the following choices describes the most likely product and mechanism of the following reaction conditions? Which of the following choices describes the most likely product and mechanism of the following reaction concitions? OMs ,E2 OH Sub
> The reaction below is most likely going through which mechanism? (SN1, SN2, E1, or E2) The reaction below is most likely going through which mechanism? (SN1, SN2, E1, or E2) OH HBr Br KCN CN Br
> Which of the following choices describes the most likely product and mechanism of the following reaction conditions? Which of the following choices describes the most likely product and mechanism of the following reaction conditions? Which of the fol
> Which is the most likely first step in the mechanism for this reaction? 20 H3O* + H2O + H2O + H2O 1. + H2O
> Draw the 3D structure for each molecule and state the hybridization of each central atom. a. ICl2- b. IF2+ c. SnI2
> Which is the most likely first step in the mechanism for this reaction? H-Br
> Sketch the defect structure formed when NiO is doped with NiCl2 (CI replaces O2- in the lattice).
> Hydrogen 02 Oxide Lewis Structure AsCls Name Lewis Structure BrFs Name: Lewis Structure VSEPR: Name XeF2 Lewis Structure Name Hydrosen Oxide Lewis Structure AsCis Name: Lewis Structure Name: Lewis Structure VSEPR: Name: XeF2 Lewis Structure
> Provide a Lewis structure and a condensed structure for the following skeletal line structures. LEWIS STRUCTURE: CONDENSED STRUCTURE:
> reatment of an aqueous solution of NiCl2 with the ligand H2NCHPhCHPhNH2 gives a blue complex (μeff = 3.30μB). Upon heating, it loses water to form a yellow, diamagnetic compound. Draw the Lewis structure of the ligand and clearly identify the donor atom(
> The molecule shown below is Doxaprost, an orally active bronchodilator a. Circle and label all the functional groups which occur in this molecule (Hint: you are looking for 4) b. Are there any locations in this molecule where cis- or trans- arrangements
> Label the molecules below as cis or trans. HO HO OH OH но ÓH ÓH
> Label the following molecules as being cis or trans HO но. Br
> Label the following molecules as being cis or trans HO Br Br
> Label each molecule as either cis or trans. Draw both the cis and trans structures for 1,3 -Difluorocvclohexane using dashes and wedges. Br Br Br A. В.
> Draw the structure for IF2 -. Determine the molecular and electron geometry of the ion. What is the hybridization of the central atom?
> Label the molecules as cis or trans. Br Br A) Br B) D) Br CI does not apply does not apply does not apply does not apply cis trans cis trans trans cis trans cis
> Draw the Lewis structure, find the total electron regions, determine the electronic geometry, # of bonding and non-bonding regions, and lastly, the molecular geometry for the following: 1. GaI3 2. PCl2F3 3.BrF3 4. SF6 5. (SnF6)2-
> Lewis Structure for: PO4 -3 GaI3 Cl3CCF3 COCl2 SnF6-2 SnF2
> 2. Label the conformation of the molecule as either cis or trans 3. Label the following molecules as either chiral or achiral Et OH CI (Bu 'Me Br HO Et NH2 Me Br
> Label the following molecules as being cis or trans. CI
> Determine the overall charge on each complex. a. hexachloroplatinate(IV) b. triamminetriiodocobalt(III) c. diaquadichloroethylenediaminecobalt(III)
> What is the pH of a solution of 0.054 M propanoic acid? The pKa of propanoic acid is 4.87.
> Which of the following chairs is galactose (Fischer projection drawn)? Are these structures drawn in the alpha- or beta- configurations? ON OH Ow OH но ON OH он HO HO II II IV
