Refer to Practice 19-1 and Practice 19-2. What would be the impact on the company’s total cash payment in Year 2 if the pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap had been based on a loan amount of $300,000 instead of $100,000? In other words, what would be the company’s total cash payment in Year 2 if the variable-rate loan is $100,000 but the interest rate swap is for a $300,000 loan and the January 1 of Year 2 prime lending rate is (1) 8% (2) 12%, and (3) 10%? Comment on your computations. In Practice 19-1 and Practice 19-2 On January 1 of Year 1, the company entered into a 2-year $100,000 variable interest rate loan. In the first year of the loan, the interest rate is 10%. In its second year, the interest rate is equal to the prime lending rate on January 1 of Year 2. The company does not want to bear the risk associated with the uncertain interest rate in the second year. Accordingly, on January 1 of Year 1, The company enters into a pay-fixed, receive variable interest rate swap with a speculator. This swap obligates the company to pay the speculator a fixed amount of $10,000 ($100,000 × 0.10) on December 31 of Year 2. In return, the company will receive from the speculator on December 31 of Year 2 a variable amount equal to $100,000 multiplied by the prime lending rate on January 1 of Year 2. This amount received from the speculator is exactly enough to pay the interest due on the variable-rate loan in Year 2. Typically, interest rate swaps such as this are settled with a single net cash payment rather than the actual payment of $10,000 and receipt of the variable amount.
> Identify the following data as either time series or cross-sectional. a. The 2014 CEO compensation of the 500 largest U.S. companies. b. The annual compensation for the CEO of Coca-Cola Enterprises from 2000 to 2014. c. The weekly revenue for a Noodles
> Below are five questions from a survey of MBA students. Answers were written in the blank at the left of each question. For each question, state the data type (categorical, discrete numerical, or continuous numerical) and measurement level (nominal, ordi
> Below are five questions from a survey of MBA students. Answers were written in the blank at the left of each question. For each question, state the data type (categorical, discrete numerical, or continuous numerical) and measurement level (nominal, ordi
> Below are five questions from a survey of MBA students. Answers were written in the blank at the left of each question. For each question, state the data type (categorical, discrete numerical, or continuous numerical) and measurement level (nominal, ordi
> Which measurement level (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is each of the following variables? a. Number of annual office visits by a particular Medicare subscriber. b. Daily caffeine consumption by a six-year-old child. c. Type of vehicle driven by a
> According to J.D. Power and Associates’ 2006 Initial Quality Study, consumers reported on average 1.7 problems per vehicle with new 2006 Volkswagens. In a randomly selected new Volkswagen, find the probability of (a) at least one problem; (b) no problems
> Which measurement level (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is each of the following variables? a. A customer’s ranking of five new hybrid vehicles. b. Noise level 100 meters from the Dan Ryan Expressway at a randomly chosen moment. c. Number of occupan
> Which type of data (categorical, discrete numerical, continuous numerical) is each of the following variables? a. Number of spectators at a randomly chosen Wimbledon tennis match. b. Water consumption (liters) by a randomly chosen Wimbledon player durin
> Which type of data (categorical, discrete numerical, continuous numerical) is each of the following variables? a. Age of a randomly chosen tennis player in the Wimbledon tennis tournament. b. Nationality of a randomly chosen tennis player in the Wimbled
> The first Rose Bowl (football) was played in 1902. The next was not played until 1916, but a Rose Bowl has been played every year since then. The margin of victory in each of the 95 Rose Bowls from 1902 through 2011 is shown below (0 indicates a tie). (a
> A study of 40 U.S. cardiac care centers showed the following ratios of nurses to beds. (a) Prepare a dot plot. (b) Prepare a frequency distribution and histogram (you may either specify the bins yourself or use automatic bins). (c) Describe the distribut
> A research study showed that adolescents who watched more than 4 hours of TV per day were more than five times as likely to start smoking as those who watched less than 2 hours a day. The researchers speculate that TV actors’ portrayals of smoking as per
> (a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the skier/snowboarder data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any. U.S. Skier/Snowboarder Visits (Millions), 1984–2007 Season Visits S
> A European study of thousands of men found that the PSA screening for prostate cancer reduced the risk of a man’s dying from prostate cancer from 3.0 percent to 2.4 percent. “But it’s already a small risk. I don’t think a difference of less than 1 percen
> “Lacrosse helmets are not needed,” said Tom. “None of the guys on my team have ever had head injuries.” Is there a fallacy in Tom’s reasoning? Explain.
> A recent study showed that women who lived near a freeway had an unusually high rate of rheumatoid arthritis. Sarah said, “They should move away from freeways.” Is there a fallacy in Sarah’s reasoning? Explain.
> Calculate each Poisson probability: a. Fewer than 4 arrivals with λ = 5.8. b. At least 3 arrivals with λ = 4.8. c. At most 9 arrivals with λ = 7.0.
> (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot of the data for bottled water sales for 10 weeks, placing Price on the X-axis and Units Sold on the Y-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effe
> Ergonomics is the science of making sure that human surroundings are adapted to human needs. How could statistics play a role in the following: a. Choosing the height of an office chair so that 95 percent of the employees (male and female) will feel it
> Suppose you want to know the ages of moviegoers who attend the latest Hunger Games movie. What kind of sample is it if you (a) survey the first 20 persons to emerge from the theater, (b) survey every tenth person to emerge from the theater, and (c) surve
> Under a recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard for food contaminants, 3.5 ounces of tomato sauce can have up to 30 fly eggs, and 11 ounces of wheat flour can contain 450 insect fragments. How could statistical sampling be used to see tha
> The target population is all stocks in the S&P 500 index. Is each of the following a parameter or a statistic? a. The average price/earnings ratio for all 500 stocks in the S&P index. b. The proportion of all stocks in the S&P 500 index that had negativ
> Would you use a sample or a census to measure each of the following? Why? If you are uncertain, explain the issues. a. The mean time battery life of your laptop computer in continuous use. b. The number of students in your statistics class who brought l
> (a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the data on housing starts. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any. U.S. Housing Starts (thousands), 1990–2013 Year Starts Year Starts
> Would you use a sample or a census to measure each of the following? Why? a. The model years of the cars driven by each of your five closest friends. b. The model years of the cars driven by each student in your statistics class. c. The model years of t
> A recent study of 231,164 New Jersey heart attack patients showed that those admitted on a weekday had a 12.0 percent death rate in the next three years, compared with 12.9 percent for those admitted on a weekend. This difference was statistically signif
> Vail Resorts uses various types of scales and questions on their surveys. Here is a question from their guest satisfaction survey that uses a five-point scale. (a) Would the measurement level for the data collected from this question be nominal, ordinal,
> Calculate each Poisson probability: a. More than 10 arrivals with λ = 8.0. b. No more than 5 arrivals with λ = 4.0. c. At least 2 arrivals with λ = 5.0
> An ad for a cell phone service claims that it’s percent of “dropped calls” was significantly lower than that of its main competitor. In the fi ne print, the percents were given as 1.2 percent versus 1.4 percent. Is this reduction likely to be important t
> (a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the skier/snowboarder data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any. U.S. Skier/Snowboarder Visits (Millions), 1984–2007 Season Visits S
> (a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the data on housing starts. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any. U.S. Housing Starts (thousands), 1990–2013 Year Starts Year Starts
> More than 30 percent of the results from major search engines for the keyword phrase “ring tone” are fake pages created by spammers.
> The probability that a randomly selected student in your class is celebrating a birthday today is 1/365.
> Recently, the same five winning numbers (4, 21, 23, 34, 39) came up both on Monday and on Wednesday in the North Carolina Lottery. “That’s so unlikely that it must be rigged,” said Mary. Which fallacy, if any, do you see in Mary’s reasoning?
> Which type of data (cross-sectional or time series) is each variable? a. Mexico’s GDP for each of the last 10 quarters. b. Unemployment rates in each of the 31 states in Mexico at the end of last year. c. Unemployment rate in Mexico at the end of each o
> Which type of data (cross-sectional or time series) is each variable? a. Value of Standard & Poor’s 500 stock price index at the close of each trading day last year. b. Closing price of each of the 500 stocks in the S&P 500 index on the last trading day
> How can you tell when the point has been reached where you should call for an expert statistician? List some costs and some benefits that would govern this decision.
> “Many college graduates will not use very much statistics during their 40-year careers, so why study it?” (a) List several arguments for and against this statement. Which position do you find more convincing? (b) Replace the word “statistics” with “accou
> Calculate each compound event probability: a. P(X < 10), λ = 11.0 b. P(X > 3), λ = 5.2 c. P(X < 2), λ = 3.7
> Use Excel to generate 100 random integers from (a) 1 through 2, inclusive; (b) 1 through 5, inclusive; and (c) 0 through 99, inclusive. (d) In each case, write the Excel formula. (e) In each case, calculate the mean and standard deviation of the sample o
> What is an antidilutive security? Why are such securities generally excluded from the computation of EPS?
> What is meant by dilution of EPS?
> Under what circumstances should the existence of an environmental liability be considered “probable”?
> What is the two-class method?
> How should contingent liabilities that are reasonably possible of becoming liabilities be reported in the financial statements?
> What international standard governs the accounting for derivatives? How does this standard differ from U.S. GAAP?
> What is the meaning of the if-converted method of computing EPS?
> Convertible debt that is dilutive requires an adjustment to income. What is the nature of the adjustment?
> An enterprise split its common stock 3 for 1 on July 1. Its accounting year ends December 31. Prior to the split, there were 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding. What is the weighted-average number of shares that should be used to compute EPS in th
> Refer to Practice 19-7 and complete the following: 1. Compute the total amount (including all option-related cash flows) that the shirt company will pay to buy 100,000 pounds of cotton in January of Year 2, assuming that the price of cotton per pound on
> The company makes colorful 100% cotton shirts that are very popular among sophisticated business executives. The company uses 100,000 pounds of cotton each month in its production process. On December 1 of Year 1, the company purchased a call option to b
> Refer to Practice 19-5 and complete the following: 1. Compute the total amount (including all futures-related cash flows) that the mining company will receive to sell 25,000 pounds of copper in January of Year 2, assuming that the price of copper per pou
> The mining company produces 25,000 pounds of copper each month in its mining operations. To eliminate the price risk associated with copper sales, on December 1 of Year 1, the mining company entered into a futures contract to sell 25,000 pounds of copper
> Why are EPS figures adjusted retroactively for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits?
> Refer to Practice 19-3 and complete the following: 1. Compute the total amount (including all forward-related cash flows) that the golf course developer will pay to buy 5,000 trees in Year 2, assuming that the price of a tree on January 1 of Year 2 is (
> The company is a golf course developer that constructs approximately 15 courses per year. Next year, the company will buy 5,000 trees to install in the courses it builds. In recent years, the price of trees has fluctuated wildly. To eliminate this uncert
> Refer to Practice 19-1 and complete the following: 1. Compute the total amount (including all swap-related cash flows) that the company will pay in interest in Year 2, assuming that the prime lending rate on January 1 of Year 2 is (a) 8%, (b) 12%, and
> Refer to Practice 19-3. Make any necessary journal entry on the golf course developer’s books on December 31 of Year 1 in connection with the tree forward contract, assuming that the price per tree on that date is (1) $250 (2) $600, and (3) $400. In Pra
> Refer to Practice 19-1. Make any necessary journal entry on the borrowing company’s books on December 31 of Year 1 in connection with the interest rate swap, assuming that the prime lending rate on December 31 is (1) 8%, (2) 12%, and (3) 10%. Even tho
> Compute the notional amount of the derivative contract for each of the following: 1. The interest rate swap contract. 2. The tree forward contract. 3. The copper futures contract. 4. The corn futures contract.
> A farmer expects to sell 5,000 bushels of corn on January 1 of Year 2. On December 1 of Year 1, the farmer enters into a futures contract to sell the corn on January 1 of Year 2 at $2.30 per bushel. The market price of corn on December 1 was also $2.30 p
> On December 1 of Year 1, the company made a $100,000 investment in a highly risky Internet stock. The investment is classified as a trading security. Part of the investment agreement prevents the company from selling the investment before January 1 of Ye
> Refer to Practice 19-3 and Practice 19-4. What would be the impact on the golf course developer’s total cash payment to purchase trees in Year 2 if the forward contract had been for just 1,500 trees rather than the full 5,000 trees expected to be purchas
> On January 1 of Year 1, the company entered into a 2-year $100,000 variable interest rate loan. In the first year of the loan, the interest rate is 10%. In its second year, the interest rate is equal to the prime lending rate on January 1 of Year 2. The
> What is the difference between a forward contract and a futures contract?
> The company had 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued 500 convertible bonds ($1,000 face value, 10%). The company has no other potentially dilutive securities. The bonds were convert
> The company had 200,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued 5,000 convertible preferred shares (cumulative, 5%, $100 par). These preferred shares were converted on September 1. Each prefer
> The company had 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued stock options that allowed employees to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock. The option exercise price is $10 per share. The
> Net income for the company for the year was $300,000, and 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding during the year. The income tax rate is 30%. For each of the following potentially dilutive securities, perform the shortcut antidilution test to de
> Refer to Practice 18-10. Assume that the convertible bonds were issued on October 1. Compute diluted earnings per share, assuming that (1) Each bond was convertible into 100 shares of common stock and (2) Each bond was convertible into 15 shares of com
> The company had 50,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout the year. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued 100 convertible bonds ($1,000 face value, 10%). The company has no other potentially dilutive securities. Net income for t
> Refer to Practice 18-8. Assume that the convertible preferred stock was issued on February 1. Also assume that the issuance agreement stipulates that the preferred stockholders are entitled to their entire preferred dividend for the year even though the
> The company had 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout the year. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued 10,000 convertible preferred shares (cumulative, 5%, $100 par). The company has no other potentially dilutive securities.
> Refer to Practice 18-6. Assume that the options were issued on September 1 instead of being outstanding throughout the year. Compute diluted earnings per share, assuming that (1) The average stock price for the year and for the September 1–December 31 p
> The company had 200,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout the year. In addition, as of January 1, the company had issued stock options that allowed employees to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock. The option exercise price is $10 per shar
> What distinguishes a simple capital structure from a complex capital structure?
> The company had the following shares of stock outstanding during the year. Data regarding dividend privileges and net income are also given. • Common shares outstanding: 320,000 for the entire year • Participating preferred shares outstanding: 100,000 sh
> On January 1, the company had 200,000 common shares outstanding. On April 1, the company issued 60,000 additional shares. On August 1, the company performed a 2-for-1 stock split. The company also had 20,000 shares of 8%, $50 par preferred stock outstand
> On January 1, the company had 100,000 common shares outstanding. This same number of common shares was outstanding throughout the year. The company also had 30,000 shares of 5%, $100 par preferred stock outstanding throughout the year. The company did no
> On January 1, the company had 150,000 common shares outstanding. During the year, the following events occurred: March 1: 2-for-1 stock split June 1: Issued 45,000 additional shares September 1: 20% stock dividend What was the weighted-average number
> On January 1, the company had 200,000 common shares outstanding. On April 1, the company issued 60,000 additional shares. On August 1, the company reacquired 100,000 shares. What was the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the year?
> When does partial hedge ineffectiveness occur?
> Why is traditional historical cost accounting inappropriate when accounting for derivative contracts?
> Describe the purpose of a cash flow hedge, and give an example of a cash flow hedge.
> How does an option differ from the other types of derivatives discussed in the chapter?
> Why would a company enter into an interest rate swap?
> Why are EPS figures computed on the basis of common stock transactions that have not yet happened rather than on the basis of strictly historical common stock data?
> Briefly describe the four types of risk discussed in the chapter.
> Why is a derivative often an executory contract? Give another example of an executor contract.
> How does the accounting for a speculative derivative investment differ from that for a derivative that serves as a hedge?
> Derivatives are to be reported in the balance sheet at their fair value on the balance sheet date. How are unrealized gains and losses on derivatives recognized in the financial statements?
> Why should investors be careful in interpreting interim reports?
> Distinguish between the two primary viewpoints concerning the preparation of interim financial statements.
> Is segment information prepared according to GAAP? Explain.
> How large must an internally defined segment be for separate financial statement disclosure to be required?
> How is a business segment to be identified under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280 (Segment Reporting)?
> In what ways can segment information assist in the analysis of a company’s financial statements?
> What limitations should be recognized in using EPS data?
> How does a derivative differ from other financial instruments and contracts?
> What factors must a company consider in estimating the amount to recognize for a probable contingent liability?
