What are four different types of real options commonly found in business?
> The spot rate on the London market was £0.7531/$, while the 90-day forward rate is £0.7602/$. What is the annualized forward premium or discount on the British pound?
> What are Yankee bonds?
> Crescent Corporation’s recent sale to a firm in Mexico produced revenues of 13,144,800 Mexican pesos (MPs). If the firm sold the pesos to its bank and was credited with $1,077,873.60, what was the spot rate at which the pesos were converted?
> Bremer Corporation observes that the Swiss franc (SF) is being quoted at €0.7660/SF, while the Swedish krona (SK) is quoted at €0.1114/SK. What is the SK/SF cross rate?
> Barclays Bank of London has offered the following exchange rate quotes: ¥134.64/£ and Korean won 13.8374/¥. What is the cross rate between the Korean won and the British pound?
> Given the following quotes, calculate the €/£ cross rate. Bank of America ……………….. $1.663/£ JP Morgan Chase ……………… $1.3914/€
> A foreign exchange dealer is willing to buy the Danish krone (DKr) at $0.1556/DKr and will sell it at a rate of $0.1563/DKr. What is the bid-ask spread on the Danish krone?
> A local community bank has requested foreign exchange quotes for the Swiss Franc from Citibank. Citibank quotes a bid rate of $1.0934/SF and an ask rate of $1.0997/SF. What is the bid-ask spread?
> Nova Scotia Bank offers quotes on the Canadian dollar as shown below. What is the bid-ask spread based on these quotes? Bid …………………………. Ask C$ 1.3081/$ …………………. C$ 1.3087/$
> Triumph Autos has contracted with an Indian software firm for design software. The payment of 22,779,750 rupees (₹) is due in 30 days. What is the cost in dollars if the 30-day forward rate is ₹64.39/$?
> If a firm continually exceeds its SGR, what problems may it face in the future?
> Ryan wants to buy a pair of leather shoes at Harrods in London that cost £113.60. If the exchange rate is $1.6177/£, what is Ryan’s cost in U.S. dollars?
> Assuming nothing else changes, what happens to the value of an option as time passes and the expiration date gets closer?
> Explain why time might play a significant role during low-interest periods in a decision of whether to choose a private placement or public sale?
> Ray Corp is a U.S. electronics manufacturer with a production plant in Turkey. This morning, the Turkish government introduced a new law prohibiting the repatriation of any funds from the country for two years. What type of risk does Ray Corp. face?
> What kinds of real options should be considered in the following situations? a. Wingnuts R Us is considering two sites for a new factory. One is just large enough for the planned facility, while the other is three times larger. b. Carousel Cruises is pur
> List all the accounts that can be affected by the “plug” value. How does this value help managers?
> Like all other models, the binomial pricing model is a simplification of reality. In this model, how do we represent high volatility or low volatility of the value of the underlying asset?
> A writer (seller) of a call option may or may not actually own the underlying asset. If he or she owns the asset, and therefore will have the asset available to deliver should the option be exercised, he or she is said to be writing a covered call. Other
> Why do financing and investment decisions have to be made concurrently?
> Why is the capital budget an important part of a firm’s financial planning?
> What is IGR, and why is it of interest to management?
> Suppose GE issues bearer bonds in France denominated in British pounds. What type of bonds are these?
> A U.S. firm owns a subsidiary in Belgium. What kind of foreign exchange risk does the U.S. firm face?
> How can the insurance policy on a car be viewed as an option?
> Mello Wines, a California winery, grows its grapes locally, uses local labor, and sells its wines only in the United States. Can this firm be exposed to foreign exchange risk?
> Renewal Company has net income of $1.25 million and a dividend payout ratio of 35 percent. It currently has equity of $2,875,223. What is the firm’s sustainable growth rate?
> Northwood Corp. has a dividend payout ratio of 60 percent, return on equity of 14.5 percent, total assets of $11,500,450, and equity of $4,652,125. Calculate the firm’s internal rate of growth (IGR)?
> If we assume that the cash flows for a firm with financial leverage are equal to the cash flows for the same firm without financial leverage, what can we say about the value of this firm if its cost of capital also does not vary with the degree of levera
> If any of the three assumptions in Modigliani and Miller Proposition 1 are relaxed, which has the most predictably quantifiable impact on the value of the firm?
> You are considering starting a new online dating service, but you lack the initial capital. What are your options for financing?
> Dean Foods Co. needs to borrow $23 million for a factory equipment upgrade. Management decides to sell 10-year bonds. They determine that the 3-month Treasury bill yields 4.32 percent, the firm’s credit rating is AA, and the yield on 10-year Treasury bon
> How are historical financial data used to determine the forecasted values of balance sheet accounts?
> Management of The Stride Rite Corporation, designer and marketer of athletic apparel, is planning an expansion into foreign markets and needs to raise $10 million to finance this move. Management anticipates raising the money through a general cash offer
> Suppose a firm is doing an IPO and the investment bank offers to buy the securities for $39 per share with an offering price of $42. What is the underwriter’s spread? Assume that the underwriter’s cost of bringing the security to the market is $5 per sha
> American Bancorp is planning to make a $3.5 million loan to a French firm. Currently, LIBOR is at 1.5 percent. American considers a default risk premium of 1.15 percent, a foreign exchange risk premium of 0.35 percent, and a country risk premium of 0.13
> Columbia Corp. has just made a sale to a British customer. The sale was for a total value of £135,000 and is to be paid 60 days from now. Columbia is concerned that the British pound will depreciate against the U.S. dollar, and management plans to hedge.
> Calculate the following exchange rates given the following information? Given Compute a. ¥101.3500/S b. $1.8694/£ £/S с. S0.9981/C$ CS/S
> If a Volkswagen Passat costs $26,350 in Baltimore and €21,675 in Frankfurt, what is the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro?
> Of the two parties to an option contract, the buyer and the seller, who has a right and who has an obligation?
> Management of Oakley, Inc., is planning to raise $1 million in new equity through a private placement. If the sale price is $18 per share, how many shares does the company have to issue?
> When do companies have to consider country or political risk?
> What does it mean to hedge a financial transaction?
> What are the four planning documents on which the financial plan is based?
> How is the equilibrium exchange rate determined?
> What is foreign exchange rate risk?
> Explain the difference between American and European business executives’ views on wealth maximization?
> What are multinational corporations?
> What types of risks can options be used to manage?
> What variables affect the value of a call option?
> What two factors determine the amount of EFN?
> What are lumpy assets, and how do these assets vary with sales?
> Why is it that some working capital accounts may not vary proportionately with sales?
> Why do companies engage in PIPE transactions?
> What is the difference between business risk and financial risk?
> Why might you expect accounts receivable to vary with sales?
> What is the plug factor in a financial model?
> What are pro forma financial statements, and why are they an important part of the financial planning process?
> Why is the sales forecast the key component of a financial model?
> How are the investment decision and financing decision related?
> What is the strategic plan?
> What are the components of the cost associated with an IPO?
> List the steps in the IPO process?
> What are the advantages and disadvantages of short-term financing?
> What is float?
> What are the disadvantages of a private placement sale compared with a public sale?
> What is the economic order quantity model?
> What is an aging schedule, and what is its purpose?
> What are the types of costs associated with each of these strategies?
> How do you calculate net working capital, and why is it important?
> What is the primary motivation for leasing?
> How can the three conditions specified by M&M help us understand how the capital structure of a firm affects its value?
> How can capital structure decisions affect the risk associated with net income?
> What is the trade-off theory of capital structure?
> What is the optimal capital structure for a firm?
> What is globalization?
> Explain the importance of shelf registration?
> What is a real option?
> Last year Perpetual Plastics Company took an average of 46 days to pay suppliers and 38 days to collect its receivables. The company’s average days’ sales in inventory was 52 days. What was Perpetual’s operating cycle and cash conversion cycle last year?
> The Whole Foods Market, Inc. balance sheet for the fiscal year ending September 25, 2016 included the following: total current assets of $1,975 million, total assets of $6,341 million, total current liabilities of $1,341 million, and total liabilities of
> Tass Co., Ltd, a Japanese electrical parts producer, is considering building a plant in the U.S. The cost of this plant will be $20 million and the current spot exchange rate between the yen and the U.S. dollar is ¥101.8/$. Tass management exp
> Technocorp has purchased industrial parts from a German company for a total cost of €1,225,000. The firm has 30 days to pay. A bank has given Technocorp a 30-day forward quote of $1.1278/€. Assume that on the day the payment is due, the spot rate is $1.1
> A bank in India has offered a spot rate quote on Indian rupees (Rs) of Rs62.2905/$. The Indian rupee is quoted at a 30-day forward premium of 5.22 percent against the dollar. What is the 30-day forward quote?
> Fuel costs are a significant fraction of total costs in the airline industry. How might airline managers use options to manage fuel costs? What is the downside of doing this?
> Why is it hard to account for real options in an NPV analysis?
> Assume that the current market price of Montrose Industrials stock is $28 per share and will either rise to $38 per share or fall to $21 per share in one month. The risk-free rate for one month is 1 percent. What is the value of a one-month call option w
> You own a call option on Pepsico stock with a strike price of $60 per share that expires in 60 days. The current market price of Pepsico stock is $63.50 per share. What are the limits on the value of the call option you own?
> Explain why firms generally sell their equity and complicated debt issues through negotiated sales?
> Edgefield Excavation Company has total assets of $4,976,456, sales of $1,225,700, and net income of $587,000. The company’s management expects sales to grow by 9 percent next year. All costs (including taxes) and assets vary directly with sales, and the
> Using the information in Sample Test Problem 19.3, what is Spurlock’s capital intensity ratio if the company has net sales of $3,557,100? What does this ratio tell us? Refer to the information in problem 19.3: Spurlock Inc. had net income of $266,778 in
> Spurlock Inc. had net income of $266,778 in its most recent fiscal year and total assets of $1,833,400 at the end of the year. The company’s total debt ratio (total debt to total assets) is 35 percent, and Spurlock retains 60 percent of its income every
> Lavaca Inc. management expects net sales to be $855,000, total costs to be $647,000, and to pay taxes at an average rate of 32 percent this year. If the Lavaca pays out 38 percent of its earnings as dividends, what is its retention ratio? How much will L
> Mars Company had net sales of $18 million in the year that just ended. Next year, the company’s management expects a 15 percent increase in sales. If cost of goods sold is 60 percent of sales and inventory is 25 percent of sales, what would you estimate
> What control implications do a firm’s capital structure decisions have?
> Southwest Airlines has substantial cash reserves and an investment-grade bond rating. How would the trade-off theory predict that managers of Southwest would raise capital and choose the company’s capital structure if they were planning an expansion into
> Central Grocers Inc. produces annual cash flows of $175,000, which are expected to continue indefinitely. The company is financed entirely with equity capital at an annual cost of 12 percent. Management is considering borrowing $400,000 at an annual inte
> SMA Inc. is considering issuing the following securities. For which security would a competitive sale be less costly than a negotiated sale under stable market conditions? Why? (LO 5) a) Plain vanilla bonds. b) IPO of common stock. c) Secondary offering
> Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. completed an initial public offering on December 12, 2013. The offer price was $20.00 per share and the closing price at the end of the first day was $21.50. The firm issued 117.6 million shares. What was the loss to Hilton
> What is underpricing, and why is it a cost to the stockholders?
> Why are traditional sources of funding not usually available for new or emerging businesses?
