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Question: What is the definition of scienter?


What is the definition of scienter?


> What is the difference between express warranties and puffery?

> When can a buyer or lessee revoke acceptance?

> What damages can a buyer recover?

> 1. When is a seller entitled to recover damages? 2. What is the measure of the damages?

> When does the one-year period of the one-year rule begin?

> When can a seller reclaim goods?

> When does a seller have a right to withhold delivery?

> What are the buyer or lessee’s obligations regarding performance?

> What does the perfect tender rule require?

> What does the obligation to “tender delivery” require?

> 1. Under what circumstances does a buyer or lessee have a right to reject goods? 2. When can a buyer or lessee obtain specific performance?

> What does “good faith” mean under the UCC?

> Who bears the risk of loss when a contract is breached?

> When does risk pass in a sale on approval?

> For purposes of the entrustment rule, what is “a buyer in the ordinary course of business”?

> What is the primary purpose of the Statute of Frauds?

> In an international contract, what does an arbitration clause provide?

> When does risk pass (a) when the buyer is to pick up the goods and the seller is a merchant? (b) When the buyer is to pick up the goods and the seller is not a merchant? (c) When a bailee holds the goods?

> When does risk pass (a) under a shipment contract? (b) Under a destination contract?

> What is “risk of loss” under the UCC?

> What title does a buyer acquire from a seller with voidable title?

> When and where does title pass?

> When does a buyer have an insurable interest in goods?

> What is identification?

> Who, for the purposes of UCC Article 2, is a merchant?

> How can conflicts in terms between an offer and its acceptance be avoided?

> Discuss, in the context of the parol evidence rule, “consistent additional terms,” “course of dealing,” “usage of trade” and “course of performance.”

> What is the difference between undue influence and duress?

> How do UCC provisions differ from the common law regarding modification of contracts?

> When an offeree’s acceptance includes terms in addition to or different from the offer, is performance to be measured by the offeror’s terms or the offeree’s terms?

> How do the common law and the UCC differ regarding an offeree’s acceptance that includes terms in addition to or different from the offer?

> How does the UCC change the effect of the common law of contracts regarding the requirement of definiteness?

> What difference does it make whether UCC Article 2 applies to a contract?

> 1. How is the duty of good faith and fair dealing defined? 2. To what type of contracts does the duty apply?

> Is a contract in which a sale of services and goods combined subject to the UCC?

> Will specific performance be granted on a breach of contract for personal services?

> Discuss rescission and restitution.

> What is the difference between a liquidated damages provision and a penalty provision in a contract?

> When is a party’s reliance on another’s misrepresentation not justifiable?

> What are punitive damages?

> What are consequential damages?

> What are compensatory damages? What is the standard measure of compensatory damages?

> How does the impossibility of performance discharge a contract?

> What is the difference between a rescission and a novation?

> Does an injured party have a duty to mitigate damages?

> Discuss the degrees of performance.

> What is a creditor beneficiary?

> What factors indicate that a third party beneficiary is an intended beneficiary?

> What happens if the delegatee fails to perform?

> What duties cannot be delegated?

> What is the difference between an assignment and a delegation?

> What problems arise when notice of an assignment is not given to the obligor?

> What rights can be assigned despite a contract clause expressly prohibiting assignment?

> What rights cannot be assigned?

> When do the rights of a third party beneficiary vest?

> How do assignments function?

> What is not admissible under the parol evidence rule?

> What is required to satisfy the writing requirement of the Statute of Frauds?

> What happens if the party against whom enforcement of an oral contract is sought admits in court that a contract was made?

> When can a contract be set aside because the seller has not volunteered certain pertinent information?

> What effect does part performance have on the enforcement of an oral contract?

> What is the “main purpose” rule?

> What is a collateral promise?

> Explain the one-year rule.

> Why do certain contracts have to be written to be enforceable?

> What are the reasons for the parol evidence rule? What are some criticisms of these purposes?

> What is the Statute of Frauds?

> In what circumstance does undue influence occur?

> When does a deceived party have to show that he or she suffered an injury to recover on the basis of fraud?

> How important is a deceived party’s reliance on another’s misrepresentation to establishing a case against a deceiving party?

> How does the presence of fraud affect an innocent party’s consent to a contract?

> In the context of fraudulent misrepresentation, when does a party evidence an intent to deceive?

> The elements of fraudulent misrepresentation include misrepresentation of a material fact. Discuss this element.

> What are the elements of fraudulent misrepresentation?

> Why are mistakes of value not accorded the same relief as mistakes of fact?

> Does a unilaterally mistaken party have any right to relief?

> What is duress?

> What is the legal significance of the difference between a mistake of value and a mistake of fact?

> Discuss adhesion contracts.

> When do courts enforce exculpatory clauses?

> What is an exculpatory clause and when is such a clause held to be unenforceable?

> What is the difference between a unilateral mistake and a bilateral mistake?

> Is a covenant not to compete legal?

> Why is a contract in restraint of trade sometimes considered unenforceable as contrary to public policy?

> Why are some contracts unenforceable as contrary to public policy?

> How might a contract be unenforceable under a licensing statute?

> How do gambling laws regulate gambling?

> What are exceptions to the rule that a court will not enforce an illegal agreement?

> Discuss statutes that make specific agreements or parts of agreements illegal.

> When is a contract made by an incompetent person voidable?

> Under what circumstance is a contract made by a mentally incompetent person void?

> What effect does intoxication have on persons’ contractual capacity?

> In what situation can a party to an illegal contract enforce it against the other party?

> 1. When are parents liable for their minor children’s contracts? 2. How does emancipation affect a minor’s capacity to contract?

> How does ratification affect minors’ contracts?

> What effect does contracting for necessaries have on a minor’s right to disaffirm?

> What effect does a minor’s misrepresentation of age have on his or her right to disaffirm?

> What is a minor’s obligation on disaffirmance?

> In what situation is a contract made by a mentally incompetent person valid?

> What is the minor’s right to disaffirm a contract?

2.99

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