What relevance has the international product life cycle theory for pricing strategy in international firms?
> Discuss how radio stations, as well as advertisers, can deal with the clutter problem on radio and draw attention to their commercials.
> Discuss the way Nielsen measures the listening audience for radio stations. Do you think the rating methods are providing reliable measures of radio audiences?
> Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of advertising on radio. Discuss how radio advertising might be used by national versus local advertisers.
> The chapter opener discusses the major developments impacting the television industry. Discuss these developments and how they are likely to impact TV’s role as an advertising medium. How might these factors impact the way marketers use television as pa
> Discuss the differences between CDI and BDI. When would an advertiser use these indexes?
> One of the more popular metrics now being used in nontraditional media (Internet, social media, etc.) is engagement. This term has also been used in evaluating traditional media. Explain what is meant by engagement. Is this term being used the same in re
> Figure 10–27 discusses the advantages and disadvantages of media. Describe any factors that may be taking place that might change the disadvantages or advantages of various media.
> Explain the differences between CPM and readers per dollar. Which is the most valuable relative cost comparison for advertisers to use? Why?
> The media landscape is rapidly changing. Explain what is meant by this statement. Then discuss some of the reasons why this is occurring. What can traditional media do to continue to exist? A number of studies have examined the role that personality and/
> What are GRPs and target GRPs? Explain what these terms mean and discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of using them.
> Discuss the responsibilities and duties of an advertising or marketing communications manager in a company that uses a centralized organizational system versus a company that uses a decentralized system.
> Compare the definition of integrated marketing communications developed by Don Schultz with the original definition developed by the American Association of Advertising Agencies. How do they differ?
> According to Hofstede and Hall, Asians are (a) more group-oriented, (b) more family oriented and (c) more concerned with social status. How might such orientations affect the way you market your product to Asian consumers?
> A country’s natural environment influences its attractiveness to an international marketer of industrial products. Discuss.
> How can the change of major political goals in a country have an impact on the potential for success of an international marketer?
> Describe the ways in which foreign exchange fluctuations affect (a) trade, (b) investments and (c) tourism.
> Distinguish between: (a) free trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic and monetary union and (e) political union.
> How useful is GNP when undertaking a comparative analysis of world markets? What other approaches would you recommend?
> Identify different types of barriers to the free movement of goods and services.
> Distinguish between internal and external validity. What are the implications of external validity for international marketers?
> What are the dangers of translating questionnaires (which have been designed for one country) for use in a multi-country study? How would you avoid these dangers?
> How should the firm decide whether to gather its own intelligence or to buy it from outside?
> What is meant by the concept of ‘psychological’ or ‘psychic distance’?
> In forecasting sales in international markets, to what extent can the past be used to predict the future?
> Do demographic variables have universal meanings? Is there a chance that they may be interpreted differently in different cultures?
> What are some of the problems that a global marketing manager can expect to encounter when creating a centralized marketing information system? How can these problems be solved?
> Explore the reasons for using a marketing information system in the international market. What are the main types of information you would expect to use?
> What were the most important export motives in the Japanese firms (Exhibit 2.2)?
> What were the most important change agents in the internationalization of Haier?
> Explain how a combination of the product values chain and the service value chain can create further customer value?
> Explain the main advantages of centralizing upstream activities and decentralizing downstream activities.
> How can a country with high labour costs improve its national competitiveness?
> How can analysis of national competitiveness explain the competitive advantage of the single firm?
> Explain the main differences between the three theories of internationalization: the Uppsala model, the transaction cost theory and the network model.
> Export motives can be classified as reactive or proactive. Give examples of each group of export motives. How would you prioritize these motives? Can you think of motives other than those mentioned in the chapter? What are they?
> Performance reviews of subsidiary managers and personnel are required rarely, if at all, by headquarters. Why?
> Discuss how the international organization of a firm may affect its planning process.
> This chapter suggests that the development of a firm’s international organization can be divided into different stages. Identify these stages and discuss their relationship to the international competitiveness of the firm.
> Explain why the negotiation process abroad may differ from country to country.
> Identify and discuss problems associated with allocating the company’s promotion budget across several foreign markets.
> Explain how the multinational firm may have an advantage over local firms in training the sales force and evaluating its performance.
> Evaluate the ‘percentage of sales’ approach to setting advertising budgets in foreign markets.
> Why don’t more companies standardize advertising messages worldwide? Identify the environmental constraints that act as barriers to the development and implementation of standardized global advertising campaigns.
> Compare domestic communication with international communication. Explain why ‘noise’ is more likely to occur in the case of international communication processes.
> Explain why internationalization is an ongoing process in constant need of evaluation.
> Many markets have relatively large numbers of small retailers. How does this constrain the international marketer?
> Why is physical distribution important for the success of global marketing?
> When would it be feasible and advisable for a global company to centralize the coordination of its foreign market distribution systems? When would decentralization be more appropriate?
> What services would the manufacturer like to receive from the retailer?
> International buyers and sellers of technology frequently disagree on the appropriate price of knowledge. Why?
> In order to protect themselves, how should marketers price their product in a country with high inflation?
> Explain how exchange rates and inflation affect the way you price your product.
> How and why are export credit financing terms and conditions relevant to international pricing?
> How does inflation affect a country’s currency value? Is it a good idea to borrow or obtain finance in a country with high inflation?
> How is the ‘virtual value chain’ different from the ‘conventional value chain’?
> Name some of the financing sources for exporters.
> What is the importance of ‘country of origin’ in international product marketing?
> Discuss the factors that need to be taken into account when making packaging decisions for international product lines.
> What are the requirements that must be met so that a commodity can effectively be transformed into a branded product?
> Why is the international product policy likely to be given higher priority in most firms than other elements of the global marketing mix?
> To what degree should international markets be offered standardized service and warranty policies that do not differ significantly from market to market?
> What implications does the product life cycle theory have for international product development strategy?
> What are the characteristics of a good international brand name?
> Why should customer-service levels differ internationally? Is it, for example, ethical to offer a lower customer-service level in developing countries than in industrialized countries?
> Identify the major barriers to developing international brands.
> Discuss the most critical barriers to the process of exporting.
> Explain the shift from seller to buyer initiative in subcontracting.
> What are the reasons for the increasing level of outsourcing to international subcontractors?
> What are the key problems associated with profit repatriation from subsidiaries?
> Why is acquisition often the preferred way to establish wholly owned operations abroad? What are the limitations of acquisition as an entry method?
> What is the idea behind appointing a ‘lead country’ in a region?
> Is the establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries abroad an appropriate international market development mode for SMEs?
> What are a firm’s major motives in the decision to establish manufacturing facilities in a foreign country?
> By what criteria would you judge a particular foreign direct investment activity to have succeeded or failed?
> Why would a firm consider forming partnerships with competitors?
> Do you believe that licensing in represents a feasible long-term product development strategy for a company? Discuss in relation to in-house product development.
> What is meant by ‘change agents’ in global marketing? Give examples of different types of change agent.
> Why are strategic alliances used in new product development?
> Why are joint ventures preferred by host countries as an entry strategy for foreign firms?
> When a firm begins direct exporting, what tasks must it perform?
> How can the carrier and the rider both benefit from a piggyback arrangement?
> What is the difference between direct and indirect exporting?
> The international marketer and the intermediary will have different expectations concerning the relationship. Why should these expectations be spelled out and clarified in the contract?
> ‘When exporting to a market, you’re only as good as your intermediary there’. Discuss.
> Discuss the various ways of communicating with foreign distributors.
> Why is exporting frequently considered the simplest way of entering foreign markets and thus favoured by SMEs?
> Do you agree with the view that LSEs use a rational analytic approach (strategy rule) to the entry mode decision, while SMEs use a more pragmatic/opportunistic approach?
> What are the main differences between global marketing and marketing in the domestic context?
> Why is choosing the most appropriate market entry and development strategy one of the most difficult decisions for the international marketer?
> Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using only secondary data as screening criteria in the IMS process.
> Explore the factors which influence the international market selection process.
> Compare the role of women in your country to their role in other cultures. How do the different roles affect women’s behaviour as consumers and as business people?
> What role does the self-reference criterion play in international business ethics?
> The focus of this chapter has mainly been the influence of culture on international marketing strategies. Try also to discuss the potential influences of marketing on cultures.
> I. Synopsis In this case, the core problem for Polaroid sunglasses is to convert a high degree of brand awareness into a successful international sales expansion in the premium sunglass segment. Of the total market of 300 million pairs of sunglasses, th
> I. Synopsis Tetra Pak is a leading manufacturer and supplier of carton packaging for milk, fruit juice and drinks. The company primarily operates in Europe, Asia and the United States. Tetra Pak delivers packaging products and solutions in more than 170
> I. Synopsis The energy drink, Red Bull, has become extremely popular over the recent years with almost one billion 250 ml cans sold in 2000 to more than four billion cans sold in 2010 in over 130 countries. In 2010, Red Bull generated over â‚
> I. Synopsis In August 2008, the international media and entertainment companies Sony Corporation and Bertelsmann AG announced, that Sony has agreed to acquire Bertelsmann’s 50 per cent stake in Sony BMG. The new music company, to be called Sony Music En
> 1. Describe the business and distribution model that Stella & Dot build on. 2. What are the opportunities and challenges in globalizing the Stella & Dot’s business model? 3. When Stella & Dot globalize their business – how should they incorporate all the
> 1. What could be the reason why Müller is using distributors (export mode) in markets outside Germany? 2. What would be the main reasons why Müller is using a joint venture solution (intermediate mode) with PepsiCo (Quaker) for the US market?
