Question: Which of the following provides an example

> Identify which of the following are extent decisions. a. Decide whether to expand an existing product into a new region. b. What discount should be given on products during the upcoming holiday sale? c. Should the advertising budget be changed for the up

> A copy company wants to expand production. It currently has 20 workers who share eight copiers. Two months ago, the firm added two copiers, and output increased by 100,000 pages per day. One month ago, they added five workers, and productivity also incre

> Children in poor neighborhoods have bleak outlooks on life and do not see much gain to studying. A recent experiment is paying children in poor neighborhoods $100 for each “A” they earn in a six-week grade reporting cycle. How does this affect behavior?

> You were able to purchase two tickets to an upcoming concert for $100 apiece when the concert was first announced three months ago. Recently, you saw that StubHub was listing similar seats for $225 apiece. What does it cost you to attend the concert?

> Your notebook computer’s hard drive recently crashed, and you decide to take it to a local repair technician to have it fixed. In this relationship, a. you are the agent. b. the technician is the principal. c. the technician is the agent. d. no principal

> You won a free ticket to see a Bruce Springsteen concert (assume the ticket has no resale value). U2 has a concert the same night, and this represents your next-best alternative activity. Tickets to the U2 concert cost $80, and on any particular day, you

> Starbucks is hoping to make use of its excess restaurant capacity in the evenings by experimenting with selling beer and wine. It speculates that the only additional costs are hiring more of the same sort of workers to cover the additional hours and cost

> A business incurs the following costs per unit: labor $125/unit, materials $45/unit, and rent $250,000/month. If the firm produces 1,000,000 units a month, calculate the following: a. Total variable costs b. Total fixed costs c. Total costs

> Students doing poorly in courses often consider dropping the courses. Many universities will offer a refund before a certain date. Should this affect a student’s drop decision?

> The expression “3/10, net 45” means that the customers receive a 3% discount if they pay within 10 days; otherwise, they must pay in full within 45 days. What would the seller’s cost of capital have to be in order for the discount to be cost justified? (

> Because of the housing bubble, many houses are now selling for much less than their selling price just two to three years ago. There is evidence that homeowners with virtually identical houses tend to ask for more if they paid more for the house. What fa

> In 2013, France’s labor unions won a case against Sephora to prevent the retailer from staying open late, and forcing its workers to work “antisocial hours”. The cosmetic store does about 20 percent of its business after 9 p.m., and the 50 sales staff wh

> The U.S. government subsidizes flood insurance because those who want to buy it live in the flood plain and cannot get it at reasonable rates. What inefficiency does this create?

> How will commercial airlines respond to the threat of new $27,500 fines for keeping passengers on the tarmac for more than three hours? What inefficiency will this create?

> When Kraft recently bid $16.7 billion for Cadbury, Cadbury’s market value rose, but Kraft’s market value fell by more. What does this tell you about the value-creating potential of the deal?

> One of the basic functions of the budgeting process is a. assigning decision rights. b. transferring information. c. evaluating managerial performance. d. implementing structural change.

> All of the following provide a motive for vertical agreements EXCEPT a. effective execution of price discrimination b. elimination of free-riding among retailers c. quality control d. diversification

> Two similar surgeries, breast reconstruction and breast augmentation, have different prices. Breast augmentation is cosmetic surgery not covered by health insurance. Patients who want the surgery must pay for it themselves. Breast reconstruction followin

> I recently sold my used car. If no new production occurred for this transaction, how could it have created value?

> In 2008, the Labour party in Britain promised that patients would have to wait for no more than four hours to be seen in an emergency room. How is the National Health Service meeting this performance goal?

> Planes frequently push back from the gate on time, but then wait 2 feet away from the gate until it is time to queue up for take-off. This increases fuel consumption, and increases the time that passengers must sit in a cramped plane awaiting take-off. W

> 1,800 New York City teachers who lost their jobs earlier this year have yet to apply for another job despite the fact that there are 1,200 openings. Why not?

> The owners of a small manufacturing concern have hired a manger to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years. Compensation of the new Vice President is a flat salary plus 75% of the first $150,000 profit, then 10%

> The owners of a small manufacturing concern have hired a manger to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years. Compensation of the new Vice President is a flat salary plus 75% of the first $150,000 profit, then 10%

> The owners of a small manufacturing concern have hired a manger to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years. Compensation of the new Vice President is a flat salary plus 75% of the first $150,000 profit, then 10%

> Why might a supermarket advertise low prices on certain high profile items and sell them at a loss? a. It is a way for companies to be charitable. b. The store will sell other groceries to the same customers, often at a markup. c. They would not. d. Thi

> What might happen if a car dealership is awarded a bonus by the manufacturer for selling a certain number of its cars monthly, but the dealership is just short of that quota near the end of the month? a. It may sell the remaining cars at huge discounts

> Which of the following actions is consistent with a manager whose compensation depends on meeting a budget goal and who does not believe he can make that goal? a. Asking a vendor to pre-ship and invoice materials for the following year. b. Discovering a

> Why might a “bonus cap” for executives be a bad policy for the company? a. It isn’t. Executives shouldn’t make more than a certain amount. b. It would sew discontent. c. It would encourage shirking after the executives reached the cap. d. The cap cou

> Why might welfare for low income households reduce the propensity to work? a. It will not. b. It reduces the incentive to work. c. It is unfair. d. It encourages jealousy.

> The problem-solving principles analyze firm problems, a. from the organization’s point of view. b. from the manager’s point of view. c. from the worker’s point of view. d. from society’s point of view.

> The rational-actor paradigm assumes the people do NOT a. Act rationally. b. Use rules of thumb. c. Act optimally. d. Act self-interestedly.

> Why might it be bad for hotels to not charge higher prices when rooms are in higher demand? a. Arbitrageurs might establish a black market by reserving rooms and then selling the reservations to customers. b. Rooms may be rationed. c. Without the prof

> Which of the following is NOT one of the three problem solving principles laid out in Chapter 1? a. Under whose jurisdiction is the problem? b. Who is making the bad decision? c. Does the decision maker have enough information to make a good decision?

> What is a possible consequence of a performance compensation reward scheme? a. It creates productive incentives. b. It creates harmful incentives. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

> Why might performance compensation caps be bad? a. Different pay rates promote dissent. b. Compensation caps can discourage employees from being productive after the cap. c. Compensation caps can discourage employees from being productive before the ca

> Voluntary transactions a. Always produce gains for both parties b. Produce gains for at least one party c. Always increase wealth for everyone d. Are inefficient

> A consumer values a car at $525,000 and a seller values the same car at $485,000. If sales tax is 8% and is levied on the seller, then the seller’s bottom line price is (rounded to the nearest thousand) a. $527,000 b. $524,000 c. $525,000 d. $500,000

> Which of the following organizational forms requires the strongest management oversight to ensure coordination of functions? a. Profit centers b. Functional organizations c. M-form organizations d. Functional and M-form organizations likely require simi

> A consumer values a car at $20,000 and it costs a producer $15,000 to make the same car. If the transaction is completed at $18,000, the transaction will generate a. no surplus b. $5,000 worth of seller surplus and unknown amount of buyer surplus c.

> Taxes a. impede the movement of assets to higher valued uses. b. reduce incentives to work. c. decrease the number of wealth-creating transactions. d. All of the above.

> A price ceiling a. Is a government-set maximum price. b. Is an implicit tax on producers and an implicit subsidy to Consumers. c. Will create a surplus. d. Causes an increase in consumer and producer surplus.

> Which of the following are examples of a price floor? a. Minimum wages b. Rent controls in New York c. Both a and b d. None of the above.

> Which of these actions creates value? a. Buying a struggling firm and selling off its assets for more than the purchase price. b. A baseball slugger drawing paying fans into the ballpark. c. A student increasing his decision-making ability with an MBA.

> Wealth creating transactions are more likely to occur a. with private property rights b. with strong contract enforcement c. with black markets d. All of the above

> The biggest advantage of capitalism is that a. it allows the market to self-regulate b. it allows a person to follow his self-interest c. it allows voluntary transactions which creates wealth d. All of the above

> When a firm ignores the opportunity cost of capital when making investment or shutdown decisions, this is a case of a. Fixed-cost fallacy b. Sunk-cost fallacy c. Hidden-cost fallacy d. None of the above

> The U.S. Government bought 112,000 acres of land in southeastern Colorado in 1968 for $17,500,000. The cost of using this land today exclusively for the reintroduction of the black-tailed prairie dog a. is zero, because they already own the land. b.

> All the following are examples of variable costs, except a. Hourly labor costs b. Cost of raw materials c. Accounting fees d. Electricity cost

> Mr. D's Barbeque of Pickwick, TN, produces 10,000 dry-rubbed rib slabs per year. Annually Mr. D's fixed costs are $50,000. The average variable cost per slab is a constant $2. The average total cost per slab then is a. $7. b. $2. c. $5. d. Impossible

> The fixed-cost fallacy occurs when a. A firm considers irrelevant costs b. A firm ignores relevant costs c. A firm considers overhead or depreciation costs to make short-run decisions d. Both a and c.

> Economic Value Added helps firms avoid the hidden-cost fallacy a. by ignoring the opportunity costs of using capital b. by differentiating between sunk and fixed costs c. by taking all capital costs into account, including the cost of equity d. None o

> After graduating from college, Jim had three choices, listed in order of preference: (1) Move to Florida from Philadelphia, (2) work in a car dealership in Philadelphia, or (3) play soccer for a minor league in Philadelphia. His opportunity cost of movin

> Opportunity costs arise due to a. Resource scarcity b. Lack of alternatives c. Limited wants d. Abundance of resources

> If a firm is earning negative economic profits, it implies a. That the firm’s accounting profits are zero. b. That the firm’s accounting profits are positive. c. That the firm’s accounting profits are negative. d. That more information is needed to dete

> A business owner makes 1000 items a day. Each day she contributes eight hours to produce those items. If hired elsewhere, she could have earned $250 an hour. The item sells for $15 each. Production does not stop during weekends. If the explicit costs tot

> Food Fanatics caters meals where its costs of producing an extra meal is $25. Each of its meals sells for $20. At this rate, what should the company do? a. Produce more meals and increase its profit b. Produce fewer meals and increase its profit c. Not

> A company is producing 15,000 units. At this output level, MR is $22 and the MC is $18. The firm sells each unit for $48 and average total cost is $40. What can we conclude from this information? a. The company is making a loss. b. The company needs to c

> If a firm’s AC is rising then a. MC is less than AC. b. MC is rising. c. MC is greater than AC d. the firm is making an economic profit.

> Which type of organizational form has the benefit of closer coordination to serve a particular product or geographic area? a. Profit centers. b. Functional organizations. c. M-form organizations. d. Functional and M-form organizations have the same ben

> A retailer has to pay $9 per hour to hire 13 workers. If the retailer only needs to hire twelve workers, a wage rate of $7 per hour is sufficient. What is the MC of the 13th worker? a. $117. b. $9. c. $33. d. $84.

> A firm is thinking of hiring an additional worker to their organization who can increase total productivity by 100 units a week. The cost of hiring him is $1,500 per week. If the price of each unit is $12, a. the MR of hiring the worker is $1,500 b. The

> Suppose your firm adopts a technology that allows you to increase your output by 15%. If the elasticity of demand is -3, how should you adjust price if you want to sell all of your output? a. 5% lower. b. 0.5% lower. c. 15% higher. d. 15% lower.

> A bakery currently sells chocolate chip cookies at a price of $16/dozen. The MC is $8/dozen. The cookies are becoming more popular with customers and so the bakery owner is considering raising the price to $20/dozen. What percentage of customers must b

> Which of the following is the reason for the existence of consumer surplus? a. Consumers can purchase goods that they “want” in addition to what they “need.” b. Consumers can occasionally purchase products for less than their production cost. c. Some

> Buyers consider Marlboro cigarettes and Budweiser beer to be complements. If Marlboro just increased its prices, what would you expect to occur in the Budweiser market? a. Demand would rise, and Budweiser would reduce price. b. Demand would fall, and B

> Christine has purchased five bananas and is considering the purchase of a sixth. It is likely she will purchase the sixth banana if a. the marginal value she gets from the sixth banana is lower than its price. b. the marginal benefit of the sixth ban

> An economist estimated the cross-price elasticity for peanut butter and jelly to be 1.5. Based on this information, we know the goods are a. inferior goods. b. complements. c. inelastic. d. substitutes.

> Which of the following goods has a negative income elasticity of demand? a. Cars b. Items from Dollar stores c. Shoes d. Bread

> Jim recently graduated from college. His income increased tremendously from $5,000 a year to $60,000 a year. Jim decided that instead of renting he will buy a house. This implies that a. houses are normal goods for Jim b. houses are inferior goods for Ji

> Transfer prices should be set at a. marginal cost of the selling division plus a reasonable profit amount. b. marginal cost of the selling division unless it is evaluated as a profit center. c. the opportunity cost of the asset being transferred. d. at

> It’s lunch time, you are hungry and you would like to have some pizza. By the law of diminishing marginal value, a. You would pay more for your first slice of pizza than your second. b. You would pay more for your second slice of pizza than your first

> Jim has estimated elasticity of demand for gasoline to be -0.7 in the short-run and -1.8 in the long run. A decrease in taxes on gasoline would: a. lower revenue in both the short and long run. b. raise revenue in both the short and long run. c. raise r

> Once marginal cost rises above average cost, a. Average costs will increase b. Average costs are unaffected c. Average costs will decrease d. None of the above

> A company faces the following costs at the respective production level in addition to its fixed costs of $50,000: Quantity Marginal Cost Sale Price Marginal Return  1 $10,000 $20,000 $10,000  2 $11,000 $20,000 $9,000  3 $12,000 $20,000

> It costs a firm $90 per unit to produce product A and $70 per unit to produce product B individually. If the firm can produce both products together at $175 per unit of product A and B, this exhibits signs of a. economies of scale b. economies of scope

> According to the law of diminishing marginal returns, marginal returns: a. diminish always prior to increasing. b. diminish constantly. c. diminish never.

> Following are the costs to produce Product A, Product B, and Products A and B together. Which of the following exhibits economies of scope? a. 100, 150, 240 b. 100, 150, 250 c. 100, 150, 260 d. All of the above

> 5. A security system company’s total production costs depend on the number of systems produced according to the following equation: Total Costs = $20,000,000 + $4000*quantity produced. Given these data, which of the following is a false statement? a.

> What might you reasonably expect of an industry in which firms tend to have economies of scale? a. Exceptional competition among firms b. A large number of firms c. Highly diversified firms d. A small number of firms

> Average costs curves initially fall a. due to declining average fixed costs b. due to rising average fixed costs c. due to declining accounting costs d. due to rising marginal costs

> If you were a manager of a cost center, which of the following areas would be of most interest to you? a. Capturing potential economies of scale. b. Increasing the quality of your product. c. Hiring more marketing staff to figure out how to increase pr

> As a golf club production company produces more clubs, the average total cost of each club produced decreases. This is because: a. total fixed costs are decreasing as more clubs are produced b. average variable cost is decreasing as more clubs are produc

> Microsoft found that instead of producing a DVD player and a gaming system separately, it is cheaper to incorporate DVD playing capabilities in its new version of the gaming system. Microsoft is taking advantage of a. economies of scale b. learning curve

> Holding other factors constant, a decrease in the tax for producing coffee causes a. the supply curve to shift to the left, causing the prices of coffee to rise b. the supply curve to shift to the right, causing the prices of coffee to rise c. the supply

> The price of peanuts increases. At the same time, we see the price of jelly (which is often consumed with peanut butter) rise. How does this affect the market for peanut butter? a. The demand curve will shift to the left; the supply curve will shift to t

> Suppose a new employer is also re-locating to Lampard City and will be attracting many new people who will want to buy new houses. Assume that the change in licensing requirements mentioned above occurs at the same time. What do you think will happen t

> Say the average price of a new home in Lampard City is $160,000. The local government has just passed new licensing requirements for housing contractors. Based on possible shifts in demand or supply and assuming that the licensing changes do not affect

> If the government imposes a price floor at $9 (i.e., price must be $9 or higher) in the above market, how many goods will be traded? a. Five b. Four c. Three d. Two

> Suppose there are nine sellers and nine buyers in a competitive market, each willing to buy or sell one unit of a good, with values {$10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $3, $2}. Assuming there are no transactions costs, what is the equilibrium price in this mar

> Suppose a recent and widely circulated medical article has reported new benefits of cycling for exercise. Simultaneously, the price of the parts needed to make bikes falls. If the change in supply is greater than the change in demand, the price will ___

> When demand for a product falls, which of the following events would you NOT necessarily expect to occur? a. A decrease in the quantity of the product supplied. b. A decrease in its price. c. A decrease in the supply of the product. d. A leftward shift

> Joe runs the Service Division for a car dealership. The overall dealership has profit of $10 million on sales of $100 million and costs of $90 million. Joe’s division contributed $9 million in sales and $7 million in costs. If the Service Division is eva

> If the market for a certain product experiences an increase in supply and a decrease in demand, which of the following results is expected to occur? a. Both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity could rise or fall. b. The equilibrium price w

> Changes in prices of a good causes a. movement along the demand curve b. movement along the supply curve c. no movement along either curve d. Both a and b

> A sudden decrease in the market demand in a competitive industry leads to a. losses in the short-run and average profits in the long-run b. above average profits in the short-run and average profits in the long-run c. new firms being attracted to the in

> If a firm in a perfectly competitive industry is experiencing average revenues greater than average costs, in the long-run a. some firms will leave the industry and price will rise b. some firms will enter the industry and price will rise c. some firms

> What would happen to revenues if a firm in a perfectly competitive industry raised prices? a. They would increase b. They would increase but profit would decrease c. They would increase along with profit d. They would fall to zero

> A competitive firm’s profit maximizing price is $15. At MC=MR, the output is 100 units. At this level of production, average total costs are $12. The firm’s profits are a. $300 in the short run and long run b. $300 in the short-run and zero in the long

> A firm in a perfectly competitive market (a price taker) faces what type of demand curve? a. Unit elastic b. Perfectly inelastic c. Perfectly elastic d. None of the above