Question: Why is it usually more precise to

> Explain how to estimate the intrinsic value and time value for a put option.

> Contrast the payoff from a put option with that from a call option.

> Discuss any differences in the evaluation of a replacement decision versus the evaluation of an expansion decision.

> What is measured by each of the five Greeks discussed in this section?

> How can the Black-Scholes equation be used to price options?

> Define yield spreads and explain how they arise.

> When Collingwood Corp. issued its 60‐day commercial paper the promised yield was 10 percent, whereas the 60‐day T‐bill yield was 6 percent. There is a 1-percent chance that Collingwood will default on this debt. If investors were willing to pay the full

> Contrast treasury bills, commercial paper, and BAs in terms of who issues them, their basic structure and default risk, and the yields they provide.

> Explain how interest is received on most money market instruments.

> What is the difference between an acquisition and a merger?

> What limitations of scenario analysis does the real option valuation approach address?

> What insights can be gained by using sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and NPV break-even analysis?

> What is the majority of the minority rule?

> What is an amalgamation?

> When does EPS increase when using a share swap?

> What is free cash flow?

> Why do differing capital structures cause problems with using P/E multiples?

> Collingwood Corp. is able to issue its 60‐day commercial paper at par with a promised yield of 10 percent per year. The current T‐bill yield is 6 percent per year (or 1 percent for the 60‐day period). The expected return on the commercial paper is 1.5 pe

> What key multiples are used in valuing companies?

> What is fair market value?

> What is the difference between value and price?

> What three characteristics does the CRA look for to determine whether interest payments are tax deductible?

> Explain how to estimate the after-tax cost of debt.

> Distinguish debt from equity.

> Explain how to calculate comparisons in the lease-versus-buy decision when the lease in question is an operating lease.

> How do taxes affect the annual cash flows and terminal cash flows of an investment project?

> Explain why the valuation by components approach can save computational time and still lead to the correct answer.

> Why does the initial cash outlay often exceed the purchase price of an asset?

> Michael M. specializes in buying high‐risk commercial paper; his required return on these investments is 14 percent per year. He is considering buying some 60‐day paper from Collingwood Corp. with a promised yield of 10 percent per year. However, Michael

> How does the analysis change when the lease is a financial lease?

> Is the PI rule consistent with the NPV rule?

> What is the crossover rate?

> What are the reinvestment rate assumptions underlying NPV and IRR?

> Why do we sometimes get multiple IRRs for a project?

> What discount rate do we use to determine the NPV of a project and why?

> Why is the payback period a poor evaluation technique?

> When is it best to mount a hostile bid?

> What are some standard takeover defences?

> What is a shareholder rights plan?

> In Practice Problem 15, assuming that Nash Business School has an effective tax rate of 40 percent, should the shuttle buses be bought or leased?

> What is due diligence?

> What goes into a confidentiality agreement and why do people sign them?

> Why do we not deduct interest costs from the cash flows to be discounted?

> What are externalities and opportunity costs?

> What do we mean by incremental cash flows?

> How should we treat taxes and inflation when determining the present value of future cash flows?

> How can we compare two choices, one involving a wooden bridge lasting 10 years and another involving a steel bridge lasting 25 years that costs more?

> What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive projects?

> Why might inflation affect cash inflows differently from the way it would affect cash outflows?

> In Practice Problem 24, what would the lease payment have to be for Paolo to be indifferent about whether the company buys or leases the electric cars?

> Describe the market or disaster “out” clause.

> Prepare a schedule of the annual capital cost allowance for a major project. The initial investment is $80,000, the tax rate is 40 percent, and the CCA rate is 30 percent. Determine the amount of CCA allowed each year. Assume that the item will continue

> A bidder paid $1,500 for a target. The target’s market asset is $2,000 and market liability is $1,250. What is the goodwill created during the acquisition?

> Does put‐call parity hold for the following? Riskfree rate = 5%, P0 = $13, C0 = $10, stock price (S) = $30, t = 4 years, strike price (X) = $33. If not, what is the put price according to put‐call parity, assuming the other figures are correct?

> Assume stock XYZ does not pay dividends and has a market value of $98 per share. There is a 60‐percent chance that the stock will trade for $130 in one year, and a 40‐ percent chance that it will trade for $55 in one year. What is the value of a put opti

> What is the strike price (X) if PU is $50, PD is $42, and the hedge ratio ( h) is 2?

> Calculate the put price (P), according to put‐call parity, given the information in Practice Problem 29.

> Calculate the present value of the operating cash flows if the revenue of a project grows at 5 percent, while expense grows at 4 percent, given that Revenue1 = $15,000 and Expense 1 = $7,000. Assume the firm is allequity financed; RF = 8%; project beta =

> You are given the following information: CFBT = $215,000; T = 40%; this project will last for eight years. The project has a 2.5-percent extra risk premium compared with the firm ’ s cost of capital. The firm has 40-percent debt at a cost of 6 percent an

> You are given the following information: C0 = $300,000; CCA rate (d) = 0.3; T = 0.4; RF = 4.5%; project beta = 1.2; market risk premium = 10%; SVn = $35,000; UCCn = $55,000. This project has a 5-year life. a. Calculate the discount rate. b. Assuming that

> Paolo, the CEO of Paola Bros Inc., wants to have a fleet of electric cars. These electric cars cost $1.5 million. For tax purposes, assume that these cars will depreciate at a rate of $160,000 per year. In five years, the electric cars can be sold for $8

> List and briefly describe the four basic stages of the IPO process.

> Determine the call price ( C ), given the following information: stock price ( S) $36, s trike price (X) $32, r isk-free rate (r) 5% , t 2 years, 20%.

> What is the price of a put option with a strike price of $50 and six months to maturity when the stock price is currently trading at $45? Assume the stock‐price variance is 0.5 and the risk‐free rate is 5 percent.

> Complete the following table. Assume that the asset class is left open, and/or the salvage value is less than the UCC for the entire class. CCA Tax Discount Initial Rate Rate Rate Investment Value Life (n) Shields) Salvage Project Тах A 15% 35% 10% $

> Back in their college days, David and Douglas Finn started renting refrigerators to other students for use in their dormitory rooms. Over the years, Finns’ Fridges has grown and financed its operations by retaining most of the profits it made. Now, howev

> What are continuous disclosure requirements?

> Fill in the missing information in the following table for a non‐dividend‐paying stock and European call options.

> Richards & Co. Analysts has provided FinCorp Inc. with incomplete information, and it is your job to fill in the missing information in the table below. At expiration Value of Value of Payoff Long or Call or Strike option underlying (intrinsic Pr

> Why do corporations issue long‐term bonds, knowing that interest rate risk is higher for longer‐term bonds?

> In your job as treasurer of Collingwood Corp., you have to arrange a line of credit for the firm. The following is taken from the company ’ s balance sheet. The bank will provide credit up to the sum of 75 percent of the value of receiv

> State three types of distributions of securities determined by the OSC.

> Suppose you are going to enter into a six‐year, $25,000 financial lease that requires monthly payments based on an 9‐percent lease rate. Alternatively, you could borrow $25,000 via a six‐year loan that requires monthly payments based on a 8‐percent lendi

> State the five major areas in which the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) is involved.

> Discuss the important characteristics of money market debt instruments. How are these characteristics important to money market participants?

> Calculate the value of the one‐month CP given the following: par value is $2 million, promised yield is 4%, probability of not defaulting is 97%, recovery rate is zero, and required return is 14%. Round to the nearest dollar.

> Calculate the price of a 91‐day T‐bill if the face value is $1 million and the quoted interest rate is 3.8 percent. Round to the nearest dollar.

> On a one‐year loan of $10,000, a bank charges interest at 8 percent. The bank also charges an application fee of $75 to cover processing expenses. What is the effective interest cost (annual rate) being paid by the borrower?

> What is a “road show”?

> Describe the overallotment or “green‐shoe” option.

> What is the “quiet period”?

> Describe limit orders and market orders.

> Your boss is very puzzled by the finance courses in his MBA program. He has learned that “cash flow is king,” but notices that the capital budgeting problems spend a lot of time and effort dealing with depreciation and CCA but not with interest expense.

> How is goodwill treated for accounting purposes in Canada and the United States?

> Julius is a shareholder in a public corporation, which has recently acquired another company, and the consequences for the bidding firm have been catastrophic. Julius is suing the bidder’s board of directors for breach of duty as he believes that they fa

> Marcel owns 12 percent of Steam Forge Company (SFC). SFC trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange and has been the subject of a takeover attempt by Iron Forge Company (IFC). Assuming that Marcel is the only minority shareholder who will not co‐operate with I

> You observe the following data on different options (all are European options with the same exercise date, and all are written on the same underlying security). What are the profits you would earn for every possible price of the underlying stock at the e

> You have observed that a very smart and successful investor has bought a call and a put on the S&P/TSX Index. The options have the same strike prices and expire on the same day. What does the smart investor think is going to happen to the S&P/TSX Index?

> Mr. Cabinet is interested in the payoffs to combinations of options. Graph the intrinsic values of the following portfolios (all options expire on the same day and are written on the same non dividend‐paying asset). a. long one call, strike $35; long one

> Your boss has observed that the call options on XCT and BRG are trading at different prices. Both options have the same strike price and the same time to expiration. Provide two possible explanations for this observation.

> Briefly state all the factors that affect the value of a call option and a put option.

> Jensen’s Juice Bar is considering purchasing a new blender. Indicate which of the following statements is a relevant consideration in the new-blender decision. a. Last year, Jensen’s spent $500 on a new blender. b. Customers would prefer to have their ju

> DPG, a non‐dividend‐paying stock, is currently trading for $150 a share. There is a 30‐percent chance that the stock will trade for $125 in one year, and a 70‐percent chance that the price will increase to $175. The risk‐free rate is 5 percent per year.

> QBV, a non‐dividend‐paying stock, is currently trading for $100 a share. There is a 25‐percent chance that the stock will trade for $85 in one year, and a 75‐percent chance that the price will increase to $135. The risk‐free rate is 5 percent per year. A

> What are some of the more important issues arising from the fact that securities regulation is a provincial and territorial, but not a federal, responsibility in Canada?

> a. Describe how CCA expenses change through the life of a project. b. Given C0 = $250,000; CCA rate = 20%; tax rate = 40%; and year 2 operating income = $150,000, calculate the cash flow in year 2.

> QBV, a non‐dividend‐paying stock, is currently trading for $100 a share. There is a 25‐percent chance that the stock will trade for $85 in one year, and a 75‐percent chance that the price will increase to $135. The risk‐free rate is 5 percent per year. A

> QBV, a non‐dividend‐paying stock, is currently trading for $80 a share. There is a 25‐percent chance that the stock will trade for $65 in one year, and a 75‐percent chance that the price will increase to $105. The riskfree rate is 5 percent per year. All

> In most markets, you are not permitted to short sell if the stock price has fallen. That is, you can only short sell on an “uptick.” Using put‐call parity, show that you can replicate the cash flows of a short sale.

> Which of the following items, relating to working capital, would be considered a cash inflow or outflow when evaluating a project (and why)? a. Increase in inventory b. Increase in accounts payable c. Increase in accounts receivable d. Decrease in invent