Why must Work in Process Inventory be adjusted for factory overhead applied at year-end?
> Why should codes focus on principles rather than specific detailed rules?
> Are one or more of the fundamental principles found in codes of conduct more important than the rest? Why?
> What is the most important contribution of a corporate code of conduct?
> Must a company be incorporated as a benefit corporation in order to legally consider actions other than those in pursuit of profit?
> From a virtue ethics perspective, why would it be logical to put in place a manufacturing process beyond legal requirements?
> How can a decision to down-size be made as ethically as possible by treating everyone equally?
> How would you convince a CEO not to treat the environment as a cost-free commons?
> Under what circumstances would it be best to use each of the following frameworks: the philosophical set of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics; the modified 5-question; the modified moral standards; and the modified Pastin approach?
> Is the modified 5-question approach to ethical decision making superior to the modified moral standards or modified Pastin approach?
> If a framework for ethical decision making is to be employed, why is it essential to incorporate all four considerations of well-offness, fairness, individual rights and duties, and virtues expected?
> Is it wise for a decision maker to take into account more than profit when making decisions that have a significant social impact? Why?
> Before the recent financial scandals and governance reforms, few corporate leaders were selected for their “virtues” other than their ability to make profits. Has this changed, and if so, why?
> Give an example of behavior that might be unethical even though ‘‘everyone is doing it’’.
> List the companies that have faced ethical tragedies due the following failings in their ethical culture:
> Why should directors, executives, and accountants understand consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics?
> Commuters who have more than one passenger in the car are permitted to drive in a special lane on some highways while all the other motorists have to contend with stop-and-go traffic. Does this have anything to do with ethics? If so, then assess this sit
> How does a business executive demonstrate virtue when dealing with a disgruntled shareholder at the annual meeting?
> Assume that Firm A is a publicly-traded company that puts its financial statements on the web. This information can be accessed and read by anyone, even those who do not own shares of Firm A. This a free-rider situation, where an investor can use Firm A
> 1. Identify and explain the conflicts of interest referred to in this case. 2. What additional rules should the SEC make? 3. What should be included in the investor education that the settlement funds are earmarked for? 4. Was it appropriate for the New
> In the absence of any agreement between the partners, how must profits and losses be shared? If the partnership agreement specifies how profits are to be shared, but there is no agreement as to how losses are to be shared, what must be true with respect
> Describe the process followed when estimating bad debt expense under the percentage of sales method.
> How does the balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts before adjustment affect the amount of the year-end adjustment under the percentage of sales method? Under the percentage of receivables method?
> Identify three advantages of a partnership as compared with a sole proprietorship.
> Identify 11 essential provisions of a partnership agreement.
> Describe the accounting procedures when using the direct write-off method to account for uncollectible accounts.
> What are the four most commonly used methods of calculating depreciation for financial reporting purposes? How do they differ in their application?
> Explain how to compute net realizable value.
> Describe the steps to follow when using the allowance method to account for uncollectible accounts.
> What method of accounting for uncollectible accounts is generally required for financial reporting purposes?
> Describe the four accounting entries for the liquidation of a partnership.
> In the formula for calculating interest, how is time computed?
> What is the function of the trial balance?
> What is a footing?
> What does a debit balance in the cash short and over account represent? What does a credit balance in this account represent?
> At what two times would an entry be made affecting the change fund?
> From what source is the information obtained for issuing a check to replenish the petty cash fund?
> Describe the steps followed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board when developing an accounting standard.
> At what two times should the petty cash fund be replenished?
> What should be prepared every time a petty cash payment is made?
> What is the purpose of a petty cash fund?
> Name five common uses of electronic funds transfer.
> What two kinds of items on a bank reconciliation require journal entries?
> What are the three steps to follow in preparing a bank reconciliation?
> What are the most common reasons for differences between the book and bank cash balances?
> What are the three steps to follow in preparing a check?
> Who are the three parties to every check?
> What is the left side of the T account called? the right side?
> Under the allowance method, what impact does the write-off of a customer’s account have on the financial statements?
> What are the three major parts of a T account?
> How does the use of a perpetual inventory system affect the accounts on the work sheet?
> Why is the accounting for a manufacturing business more complicated than that for a merchandising business?
> For what three reasons is product cost information needed by a manufacturing business?
> What are the main differences between the financial statements of a manufacturing and a merchandising business?
> Describe the flow of materials, labor, and overhead into Work in Process.
> Describe and give three examples of factory overhead.
> Distinguish between direct and indirect labor.
> What are the two major types of materials, and how do they differ?
> Describe the process followed when estimating uncollectible accounts under the percentage (aging) of receivables method.
> What are the three primary elements of manufacturing cost?
> Distinguish between departmental gross profit, departmental operating income, and departmental direct operating margin.
> Why must management be cautious in interpreting departmental operating income results?
> What information is contained in a departmental operating expense summary?
> On what basis are indirect expenses allocated to departments?
> On what basis are direct expenses assigned to departments?
> What is the difference between direct and indirect operating expenses?
> Why was the increase in FCI’s operating income so much greater than the increase in its net sales?
> What is the difference between a cost center and a profit center?
> Explain the procedure for verifying the accuracy of the statement of cash flows.
> List four items of information about each cash payment entered in the cash payments journal.
> Briefly describe five limitations of financial statement analysis.
> Identify the two market measures calculated by FCI.
> Identify the three primary components of return on common stockholders’ equity.
> In what ways can an income statement showing departmental direct operating margin be used by management?
> For what purposes are departmental reports useful to management?
> Identify three measures of the extent of leverage calculated by FCI.
> Identify four measures of profitability calculated by FCI.
> Identify three activity measures calculated by FCI.
> Identify three measures of liquidity calculated by FCI.
> List five ratios that are automatically provided by the vertical analysis of income statements.
> List the three steps followed under the gross profit method of estimating inventory.
> What were the main causes of the decrease in FCI’s current liabilities?
> Name the four principal financial statements comprising a full set of financial statements.
> Identify the two primary components of return on assets.
> What is the primary purpose of the statement of cash flows?
> What information is needed to prepare a statement of cash flows?
> Where is cash received for interest reported on the statement of cash flows?
> If a company pays cash dividends, where on the statement of cash flows should the payment be reported?
> How is Premium on Bonds Payable shown on the balance sheet? How is Discount on Bonds Payable shown?
> What accounts are affected when bonds are issued at face value?
> Explain the meaning of a bond price quotation of 95. Of 102.
> A firm is preparing to make adjusting entries at the end of the accounting period. The balance of the merchandise inventory account is $100,000. If the firm is using the perpetual inventory system, what does this balance represent?
> What are the three categories of cash flows shown on a statement of cash flows?
> Under the indirect method of preparing a statement of cash flows, what adjustment is made to net income if accounts receivable increased from last year?
> Under the indirect method of preparing a statement of cash flows, what adjustment is made to net income if accounts payable increased from last year?
> Who usually administers a bond sinking fund?
> Describe the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities.
> How is the periodic interest expense affected by the amortization of the discount on bonds payable?
> How is the periodic interest expense affected by the amortization of the premium on bonds payable?
> How is the amount of bond premium or discount to be amortized in a period determined using the straight-line method?
> Will a bond sell at a discount or at a premium if the stated rate is greater than the market rate on the bond? If the stated rate is less than the market rate?
