Downregulation is a phenomenon in which the expression of the gene products such as RNA and proteins is reduced. This decreased gene expression is caused by an external stimulus. On the contrary, the process in which the expression of the cellular components is enhanced is termed as the upregulation.
Both these phenomena can also occur due to some epigenetic alterations in the somatic cells which might be semi-permanent or permanent. These alterations do not let the RNA and protein to express in response to the external stimuli.
Example of Down Regulation:
One of the examples of this process is that when the expression of a specific receptor is decreased due to its increased activation by a certain hormone or a neurotransmitter. This leads to a reduced sensitivity of the cell to that molecule.
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