Question: Distinguish between a direct cost and an

> Refer to the situation described in BE 4–1. If the company’s accountant prepared a multiple-step income statement, what amount would appear in that statement for (a) Operating income and (b) Nonoperating income? In BE 4–1: The adjusted trial balance of

> During 2018, Rogue Corporation reported sales revenue of $600,000. Inventory at both the beginning and end of the year totaled $75,000. The inventory turnover ratio for the year was 6.0. What amount of gross profit did the company report in its 2018 inco

> Refer to the facts described in BE 4–16. Show the DuPont framework’s calculation of the three components of the 2018 return on shareholders’ equity for Anderson TV and Appliance. In BE 4–16 The 2018 income statement for Anderson TV and Appliance reporte

> Refer to the situation described in BE 4–1. Prepare a multiple-step income statement for 2018. Ignore EPS disclosures. In BE 4–1: The adjusted trial balance of Pacific Scientific Corporation on December 31, 2018, the end of the company’s fiscal year, co

> The 2018 income statement for Anderson TV and Appliance reported sales revenue of $420,000 and net income of $65,000. Average total assets for 2018 was $800,000. Shareholders’ equity at the beginning of the year was $500,000 and $20,000 was paid to share

> Universal Calendar Company began the year with accounts receivable (net) and inventory balances of $100,000 and $80,000, respectively. Year-end balances for these accounts were $120,000 and $60,000, respectively. Sales for the year of $600,000 generated

> Refer to the situation described in BE 4–11 and BE 4–12. How might your solution to those brief exercises differ if Hilliard Healthcare Co. prepares its statement of cash flows according to International Financial Reporting Standards? In BE 4–11 and BE

> Net income of Mansfield Company was $45,000. The accounting records reveal depreciation expense of $80,000 as well as increases in prepaid rent, salaries payable, and income taxes payable of $60,000, $15,000, and $12,000, respectively. Prepare the cash f

> Refer to the situation described in BE 4–11. Prepare the cash flows from investing and financing activities sections of HHC’s statement of cash flows. In BE 4–11 The following are summary cash transactions that occurred during the year for Hilliard Heal

> The following are summary cash transactions that occurred during the year for Hilliard Healthcare Co. (HHC): Cash received from: Customers ……………………………………………. $ 660,000 Interest on note receivable …………………………. 12,000 Collection of note receivable …………………….

> What is the primary difference between interim reports under IFRS and U.S. GAAP?

> Interim reports are issued for periods of less than a year, typically as quarterly financial statements. Should these interim periods be viewed as separate periods or integral parts of the annual period?

> Show the DuPont framework’s calculation of the three components of return on shareholders’ equity. What information about a company do these ratios offer?

> Show the calculation of the following profitability ratios: (1) The profit margin on sales, (2) The return on assets, and (3) The return on shareholders’ equity. What information about a company do these ratios offer?

> The income statement is a change statement. Explain what is meant by this.

> Show the calculation of the following activity ratios: (1) The receivables turnover ratio, (2) The inventory turnover ratio, and (3) The asset turnover ratio. What information about a company do these ratios offer?

> Describe the potential statement of cash flows classification differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS.

> Distinguish between the direct method and the indirect method for reporting the results of operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

> Explain what is meant by noncash investing and financing activities pertaining to the statement of cash flows. Give an example of one of these activities.

> Identify and briefly describe the three categories of cash flows reported in the statement of cash flows.

> Describe the purpose of the statement of cash flows.

> Define comprehensive income. What are the two ways companies can present comprehensive income?

> Define earnings per share (EPS). For which income statement items must EPS be disclosed?

> The correction of a material error discovered in a year subsequent to the year the error was made is considered a prior period adjustment. Briefly describe the accounting treatment for prior period adjustments.

> Accountants very often are required to make estimates, and very often those estimates prove incorrect. In what period(s) is the effect of a change in an accounting estimate reported?

> The adjusted trial balance of Pacific Scientific Corporation on December 31, 2018, the end of the company’s fiscal year, contained the following income statement items ($ in millions): sales revenue, $2,106; cost of goods sold, $1,240; selling expenses,

> What effect will applying variable costing have on the income statement and the balance sheet?

> What is the difference between absorption costing and variable costing?

> Mallory Manufacturing Company has a maximum productive capacity of 210,000 units per year. Normal capacity is 180,000 units per year. Standard variable manufacturing costs are $10 per unit. Fixed factory overhead is $360,000 per year. Variable selling ex

> The board of directors of Garden City Gaskets, Inc., set the profit goal for the calendar year 2011 at $2,200,000. It also established a bonus plan in which the top five officers of the company will share $150,000 if the profit goal is met or exceeded. I

> Go to the Web site for Delta Air Lines, which is linked to the text Web site at www.cengage.com/accounting/vanderbeck. Click on ‘‘Specials,’’ then ‘‘Web Fares’’ and do the following: 1. Find a fare departing from a city located closest to you with a dest

> A company had income of $50,000, using variable costing for a given period. Beginning and ending inventories for the period were 18,000 units and 13,000 units, respectively. If the fixed overhead application rate was $2 per unit, what was the net income,

> The following production data came from the records of LeShaq Athletic Enterprises for the year ended December 31, 2011: Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $480,000 Labor . .

> The chief executive officer (CEO) of Button Corporation attended a conference in which one of the sessions was devoted to variable costing. The CEO was impressed by the presentation and has asked that the following data of Button Corporation be used to p

> Using the information presented in E10-1 Prepare comparative income statements for March (a) under absorption costing and (b) Under variable costing. Information presented in E10-1 Lynne Products Company uses a process cost system and applies actual fact

> Lynne Products Company uses a process cost system and applies actual factory overhead to work in process at the end of the month. The following data came from the records for the month of March: Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Julian Manufacturing, Inc., wishes to determine the profitability of its products and asks the cost accountant to make a comparative analysis of sales, cost of sales, and distribution costs of each product for the year. The accountant gathers the followi

> Alpha Company needs 20,000 units of a certain part to use in its production cycle. The following information is available: Cost to Alpha to make the part: Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4 Direct labor .

> Dribble, Inc., manufactures basketballs. The company’s forecasted income statement for the year, before any special orders, is as follows: Fixed costs included in the forecasted income statement are $4,000,000 in manufacturing cost of

> Fill in the missing figures for each of the following independent cases: Case 1 Case 2 Units produced .... 1,200 Standard hours per unit 2 0.6 Standard hours allowed 1,200 Standard rate per hour 24 ? Actual hours used 2,340 1,220 Actual labor cost ?

> Lewis Products, Inc., desires to earn an after-tax income of $150,000. It has fixed costs of $1,000,000, a unit sales price of $500, and unit variable costs of $200. The company is in the 30% tax bracket. 1. How many dollars of sales revenue must be earn

> A company has prepared the following statistics regarding its production and sales at different capacity levels. 1. At what point is break-even reached in sales dollars? In units? 2. If the company is operating at 60% capacity, should it accept an offer

> A company has sales of $1,000,000, variable costs of $250,000, and fixed costs of $600,000. Compute the following: 1. Contribution margin ratio. 2. Break-even sales volume. 3. Margin of safety ratio. 4. Net operating income as a percentage of sales.

> Leisure Products, Inc., manufactures and sells two products, golf balls and tennis balls. Fixed costs are $100,000, and unit sales are 60,000 sheaths of golf balls and 40,000 cans of tennis balls. The unit sales prices and unit variable costs are as foll

> A new product is expected to have sales of $100,000, variable costs of 60% of sales, and fixed costs of $20,000. 1. Using graph paper, construct a break-even chart and label the sales line, total cost line, fixed cost line, break-even point, and net inco

> Jackson Company sells its only product for $50 per unit. Fixed expenses total $800,000 per year. Variable expenses are $1,000,000 when 40,000 units are sold. How many units must be sold to earn a net operating income of $75,000?

> The sales price per unit is $13 for the Dakota Company’s only product. The variable cost per unit is $5. In year 2011, the company sold 80,000 units, which was 10,000 units above the break-even point. Compute the following: 1. Total fixed expenses. (Hint

> Grecian Products, Inc., has two divisions, Athens and Sparta. For the month ended March 31, Athens had sales and variable costs of $500,000 and $225,000, respectively, and Sparta had sales and variable costs of $800,000 and $475,000, respectively. Athens

> The fixed overhead budgeted for Hamlet Company at an expected capacity of 500,000 units is $1,500,000. Variable costing is used internally, and the net income is adjusted to an absorption costing net income at year-end. Data collected over the last three

> On December 1, Lake George Production Company had a work in process inventory of 1,200 units that were complete as to materials and 50% complete as to labor and overhead. December 1 costs follow: Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> What factors would you consider in deciding whether to use direct labor dollars or direct labor hours in charging overhead to jobs in a service firm?

> What factors help to explain the growth of service businesses relative to manufacturing businesses in the United States in recent years?

> Name the four categories that performance measures are typically divided into, and give an example of a performance measure for each category.

> Give five examples of nonfinancial performance measures.

> Explain the concept of a cost/benefit decision and how it relates to job costing systems.

> What are the two main things that an activity-based costing system attempts to accomplish relative to direct and indirect costs?

> Explain how a budgeted income statement for a service business may be used for both planning and control purposes.

> What is the difference between the accounting treatment of overhead for a service business and for a manufacturer?

> Why is it important for professional labor hours to be budgeted with extreme care?

> The budget for the Baldwin Equipment, Inc. job in P9-1 consisted of the following amounts: Partners’ salary and overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,300 Associates’ salary and overhead . . . . . . . . . . . 9,175 Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Manufacturing data for the months of January and February in the Mixing Department of Cappy Cleaning Products follow: All materials are added at the start of the process. Labor and factory overhead are added evenly throughout the process. No units were

> Shank and Verst, attorneys-at-law, provided legal representation to Baldwin Equipment, Inc., in a product liability suit. Twenty partner hours and 65 associate hours were worked in defending the company. The cost of each partner hour is $325, which inclu

> Dayton Dairies is a vertically integrated company that has dairy farms, processing plants, and retail ice cream stores. Dayton’s strategy is to maximize shareholder value by providing top-of the- line ice cream products that are high in butter fat and fo

> Mercury Athletics manufactures sporting goods that are then sold to retailers. It is a very competitive industry where quality and price are important to gain space on retailers’ shelves. Mercury’s strategy is to produce defect-free athletic equipment th

> Referring to P9-6, compare the results of the cost allocations to the Young Products and Doug’s Markets jobs under the simplified costing system and the activity-based costing system. Label each difference as undercosted or overcosted relative to the sim

> Boyer and Kubek, architects, have been using a simplified costing system in which all professional labor costs are included in a single direct cost category, professional labor; and all overhead costs are included in a single indirect cost pool, professi

> The partners of Mayweather and Pacquiao, a security services firm, decide to implement an activity-based costing system. They identify the following three cost pools and budgeted amounts for each for the coming year: fringe benefits, $400,000; technology

> Matthews and Thomas, the systems consultants, budgeted overhead and other expenses as follows for the year ended December 31, 2011: Overhead: Depreciation—equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,000 Depreciation—building . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Matthews and Thomas, partners in a systems consulting firm, budgeted the following professional labor hours for the year ended December 31, 2011: Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 Associates . . . . . .

> Ed Hickey, the consultant introduced at the beginning of section two of the chapter has obtained the following data relative to the Kaufman and D’Esti consulting job: Assume that the Binghamton job will require 50 partner hours and 20

> One of the service businesses referred to in the chapter was the international accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Go to the text Web site at www.cengage.com/accounting/vanderbeck and click on the link to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Web site. T

> Boone Oil Company transports crude oil to its refinery where it is processed into main products gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel, and by-product base oil. The base oil is sold at the split-off point for $500,000 of annual revenue, and the joint proces

> Brown and Stetham, plumbers, successfully bid $30,000 for the plumbing work on a new luxury home. Total direct labor cost on the job was $9,500, other direct costs were $2,500, and overhead is charged to jobs at 150% of direct labor cost. 1. Compute the

> Hayes and Manolis have a professional service firm that has the following budgeted costs for the current year: Associates’ salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $300,000 Depreciation—equipment . . . .

> Hi-End, Inc., a chain of gasoline service stations, has a strategy of charging premium prices for its gasoline by providing excellent service such as attendants to pump gas, clean restrooms, and free air for tire inflation. Its balanced scorecard perform

> From the following list of performance measures, label each one as Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, or Learning and Growth: Percentage of on-time deliveries Employee turnover ratio Revenue from new products Number of new customers Perc

> The partners of Harris and Whelan, attorneys-at-law, decide to implement an activity-based costing system for their firm. They identify the following three cost pools and budgeted amounts for each for the coming year: fringe benefits, $450,000; paralegal

> Jones and Wang, physicians, budgeted for the following revenue and expenses for the month of September: Depreciation—equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,850 Fringe benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Chiao and Piaker, CPAs, budgeted for the following professional labor hours for the coming year: partners, 1,500; managers, 5,000; and staff, 20,000. Budgeted billing rates are: partners, $250 per hour; managers, $120 per hour; and staff accountants, $80

> Is a favorable variance ‘‘good’’ and an unfavorable variance ‘‘bad’’? Explain.

> How do rate and efficiency variances relate to labor costs?

> How are standards for materials and labor costs determined?

> Chikin, Inc., specializes in chicken farming. Chickens are raised, packaged, and sold mostly to grocery chains. Chickens are accounted for in batches of 50,000. At the end of each growing period, the chickens are separated and sold by grades. Grades AA a

> How does a standard cost accounting system work, and why is it valuable to management?

> What is the significance of a volume variance?

> What is a volume variance?

> Why is it important to determine controllable variances?

> Is it possible that a variance of one type might be partially or fully offset by another variance? Explain.

> What might cause the following labor variances? a. An unfavorable labor rate variance. b. A favorable labor rate variance. c. An unfavorable labor efficiency variance. d. A favorable labor efficiency variance.

> What might cause the following materials variances? a. An unfavorable materials price variance. b. A favorable materials price variance. c. An unfavorable materials quantity variance. d. A favorable materials quantity variance.

> When a company uses a standard cost system, are the inventory accounts—Finished Goods, Work in Process, and Materials—valued at actual cost or standard cost?

> TBA Products Company manufactures a variety of products made of plastic and aluminum components. During the winter months, substantially all of the production capacity is devoted to the production of lawn sprinklers for the following spring and summer se

> Stylized Products, Inc., uses a standard cost system in accounting for the cost of production of its only product, Suave. The standards for the production of one unit of Suave follow: Direct materials: 10 feet of Class at $0.75 per foot and 3 feet of Chi

> Sinaloa Products Co. uses the process cost system. A record of the factory operations for the month of October follows: Production Summary Units Started in process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,500 Finished and t

> Prado Corporation manufactures and sells a single product. The company uses a standard cost system. The standard cost per unit of product follows: Materials—1 lb plastic@$3.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3.00

> Accelerator, Inc., manufactures a fuel additive, Surge, that has a stable selling price of $44 per drum. The company has been producing and selling 80,000 drums per month. In connection with your examination of Accelerator’s financial s

> Folsom Fabricators, Inc., uses a standard cost system to account for its single product. The standards established for the product include the following: Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Ichiro Inspections, Inc., specializes in determining whether a building or house’s drain pipes are properly tied into the city’s sewer system. The company pours colored chemical through the pipes and collects an inspection sample from each outlet, which

> Wausau Furniture Company uses a standard cost system in accounting for its production costs. The standard cost of a unit of furniture follows: The following flexible monthly overhead budget applies: Direct Labor Hours Estimated Overhead 5,200 $2

> Using the data provided, Calculate the overhead cost variances under the three-variance method. Standard Cost Sheet (Normal capacity-1,000 units) Mixing Blending Total Materials: I-2 lb @ $2 per Ib $ 4 Il-2 Ib @ $1 per Ib $ 2 $ 6 Labor. 2hr @ $5