Question: QR Limited operates a chemical process that

> Abourne Ltd manufactures a microcomputer for the home use market. The management accountant is considering using regression analysis in the annual estimate of total costs. The following information has been produced for the 12 months ended 31 December:

> (a). Comment on factors likely to affect the accuracy of the analysis of costs into fixed and variable components. (b). Explain how the analysis of costs into fixed and variable components is of use in planning, control and decision-making techniques use

> Explain the ‘learning curve’ and discuss its relevance to setting standards.

> Fabri Division is part of the Multo Group. Fabri Division produces a single product for which it has an external market that utilizes 70 per cent of its production capacity. Gini Division, which is also part of the Multo Group requires units of the produ

> Limitation plc commenced the manufacture and sale of a new product in the fourth quarter of the previous year. In order to facilitate the budgeting process for quarters 1 and 2 of the next year, the following information has been collected: (i). Forecast

> HKI plc has an Engineering Division and a Motorcycle Division. The Engineering Division produces engines that it sells to ‘outside’ customers and transfers to the Motorcycle Division. The Motorcycle Division produces a powerful motorbike called the ‘Beas

> Two Australian firms, one with three divisions (HC1, HC2 and HC3), and the second with two divisions (FT1 and FT2) were studied. HC1 and FT1 had the simplest costing systems with all of the overheads accumulated into a single cost pool. In other words, a

> Bushworks Ltd convert synthetic slabs into components AX and BX for use in the car industry. Bushworks Ltd is planning a quality management programme at a cost of £250 000. The following information relates to the costs incurred by Bushworks

> (a). In control theory, a ‘feedback control’ mechanism is one which supplies information to determine whether corrective action should be taken to re-establish control of a system. You are required to: (i). illustrate by means of a diagram how the feedba

> Duit plc has recently acquired Ucando Ltd which is a regional builders’ merchants/DIY company with three outlets all within a radius of 40 miles. Duit plc is building up its national coverage of outlets. Duit plc has set up regional com

> (a). The transfer pricing method used for the transfer of an intermediate product between two divisions in a group has been agreed at standard cost plus 30 per cent profit mark-up. The transfer price may be altered after taking into consideration the pla

> (a). Spiro Division is part of a vertically integrated group of divisions allocated in one country. All divisions sell externally and also transfer goods to other divisions within the group. Spiro Division performance is measured using profit before tax

> Scenario Frantisek Precision Engineering plc (FPE) is an engineering company that makes tools and equipment for a wide range of applications. FPE has 12 operating divisions, each of which is responsible for a particular product group. In the past, divisi

> The directors of the Healthy Eating Group (HEG), a successful restaurant chain that commenced trading several years ago, have decided to enter the sandwich market in Homeland, its country of operation. It has set up a separate operation under the name of

> Scotia Health Consultants Ltd provides advice to clients in medical, dietary and fitness matters by offering consultation with specialist staff. The budget information for the year ended 31 May is as follows: (i). Quantitative data as per Appendix. (ii).

> English Allied Traders plc has a wide range of manufacturing activities, principally within the UK. The company operates on the divisionalized basis with each division being responsible for its own manufacturing, sales and marketing, and working capital

> AB Limited which buys and sells machinery has three departments: New machines (manager, Newman) Second-hand machines (manager, Handley) Repair workshops (manager, Walker) In selling new machines. Newman is often asked to accept an old machine in part-exc

> Allan Stratton is a cost management consultant with over 35 years of experience who shares the benefit of his experience providing tools and resources via the internet. In one of his articles he debunks three myths on cost allocation. All sorts of busin

> Alton division (A) and Birmingham division (B) are two manufacturing divisions of Conglom plc. Both of these divisions make a single standardized product; A makes product I and B makes product J. Every unit of J requires one unit of I. The required input

> (a). Meldo Division is part of a vertically integrated group where all divisions sell externally and transfer goods to other divisions within the group. Meldo Division management performance is measured using controllable profit before tax as the perform

> A recently incorporated power company, set up after the privatization of the electricity and coal industries, owns the following assets: An electricity generating station, capable of being fuelled either by coal or by oil. Three coal mines, located som

> Indico Ltd is a well-established company that has operated in a sound but static market for many years where it has been the dominant supplier. Over the past three years it has diversified into three new product areas that are unrelated to each other and

> Sliced Bread plc is a divisionalized company. Among its divisions are Grain and Bakery. Grain’s operations include granaries, milling and dealings in the grain markets; Bakery operates a number of bakeries. The following data relate to

> J plc’s business is organized into divisions. For operating purposes, each division is regarded as an investment centre, with divisional managers enjoying substantial autonomy in their selection of investment projects. Divisional manage

> (a). Briefly explain how the measurement of divisional performance differs when assessing the achievement of strategic targets as distinct from operational targets. (b). J is a hospital supplying a wide range of healthcare services. The government has c

> Fischer Ltd manufactures a range of chess sets, and operates a standard costing system. Information relating to the Spassky design for the month of March is as follows: 1. Standard costs per 100 sets (£) Raw materials: Plaster of Paris, 20k

> Variance investigation decisions are normally explained in textbooks by simple models, which assume the availability of a significant amount of information. An example of this approach is as follows. The managers estimate the probability of any variance

> In the new industrial environment, the usefulness of standard costing is being challenged and new approaches sought. One approach, pioneered by the Japanese, is to replace standard costs by target costs. You are required: (a). to describe the problems as

> A questionnaire survey based on the responses of 272 practising UK management accountants who were members of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) revealed that approximately 81 per cent of the respondent firms used absorption costing

> Tardy Taxis operates a fleet of taxis in a provincial town. In planning its operations for November, it estimated that it would carry fare-paying passengers for 40 000 miles at an average price of £1 per mile. However, past experience suggested that the

> (a). Describe and comment briefly on the basis and limitations of the control chart approach to variance investigation decisions. (b). The following analysis is available for the month of April for Department A: (£) Standard direct materia

> Zits Ltd makes two models for rotary lawn mowers, the Quicut and the Powacut. The company has a sales director and, reporting to her, two product managers, each responsible for the profitability of one of the two models. The company’s f

> Casement Ltd makes windows with two types of frame: plastic and mahogany. Products using the two types of material are made in separate premises under the supervision of separate production managers. Data for the three months ended 30 November are shown

> Tungach Ltd makes and sells a single product. Demand for the product exceeds the expected production capacity of Tungach Ltd. The holding of stocks of the finished product is avoided if possible because the physical nature of the product is such that it

> A company operates a number of hairdressing establishments that are managed on a franchise arrangement. The franchisor offers support using a PC package that deals with profit budgeting and control information. Budget extracts of one franchisee for Novem

> An article in Management Accounting concluded that there will always be some budgetary padding in any organization. Requirements: (a). As management accountant, write a report to your finance director, explaining what steps can be taken by you, and by

> Bamfram plc is a well-established manufacturer of a specialized product, a Wallop, which has the following specifications for production: The standard direct labour hours to produce a Wallop at the standard wage rate of £10.50 per hour has

> The following data have been collected for the month of April by a company which operates a standard absorption costing system: Actual production of product EM ……………………………………………… 600 units Actual costs incurred: ………………………………………………………………………… (£) Direct m

> The following profit reconciliation statement has been prepared by the management accountant of ABC Limited for March: The standard cost card for the company’s only product is as follows: The following information is also available:

> According to Andrew Coyne, the author of an article published in the National Post (Canada), the $14 billion in public funds handed out to General Motors and Chrysler by the governments of Canada and Ontario was one of the largest corporate bail-outs in

> The Eastern Division of Countryside Communications plc assembles a single product, the Beta. The Eastern Division has a fixed price contract with the supplier of the materials used in the Beta. The contract also specifies that the materials should be fre

> A manufacturing company has provided you with the following data, which relate to component RYX for the period which has just ended: Overheads are absorbed at a rate per standard labour hour. Required: (a). (i). Calculate the fixed production overhea

> You are the management accountant of T plc. The following computer printout shows details relating to April: T plc uses a standard absorption costing system. There was no opening or closing work in progress. Requirements: (a). Prepare a statement tha

> You are employed as the assistant management accountant in the group accountant’s office of Hampstead plc. Hampstead recently acquired Finchley Ltd, a small company making a specialist product called the Alpha. Standard marginal costing

> (a). JB plc operates a standard marginal cost accounting system. Information relating to product J, which is made in one of the company departments, is given below: Standard marginal product cost Product J ………………………………………………………………………………………. Unit (£) Dir

> (a). Discuss the behavioural arguments for and against involving those members of management who are responsible for the implementation of the budget in the annual budget setting process. (b). Explain how the methods by which annual budgets are formulat

> The board of directors of Portend Ltd are considering two mutually exclusive investments each of which is expected to have a life of five years. The company does not have the physical capacity to undertake both investments. The first investment is relati

> The managing director of your company believes that the existing annual budget system is costly to operate and produces unsatisfactory results due to: long preparation period; business decisions being made throughout the year; unpredictable changes in th

> A budgetary planning and control system may include many individual budgets which are integrated into a ‘master budget’. You are required to outline and briefly explain with reasons the steps that should normally be taken in the preparation of master bud

> An article written by Ben Chu published in The Independent newspaper in 2016 demonstrated why the classical economic view of humans as rational decision-makers is often very wide of the mark. When individuals evaluate a financial decision, when a busines

> The chief executive of your organization has recently seen a reference to zero-based budgeting. He has asked for more details of the technique. You are required to prepare a report for him explaining: (a). what zero-based budgeting is and to which areas

> In the context of budgetary control, certain costs are not amenable to the use of flexible budgets. These include some costs which are often called ‘discretionary’ (or ‘programmed’). You are required to explain: (a). the nature of discretionary (or progr

> (a). Discuss the use of the following as aids to each of planning and control: (i). rolling budgets; (ii). flexible budgets; (iii). planning and operational variances. (b). Discuss the extent to which the incidence of budgetary slack is likely to be affe

> Explain the meaning of each of the undernoted terms, comment on their likely impact on cash budgeting and profit planning and suggest ways in which any adverse effects of each may be reduced. (a). Budgetary slack. (b). Incremental budgets. (c). Fixed bud

> X plc manufactures Product X using three different raw materials. The product details are as follows: The company is considering its budgets for next year and has made the following estimates of sales demand for Product X for July to October: It is c

> What is zero-based budgeting and how does it differ from other more traditional forms of budgeting? Discuss the applicability of zero-based budgeting to profit-oriented organizations.

> Tilsley Ltd manufactures motor vehicle components. It is considering introducing a new product. Helen Foster, the production director, has already prepared the following projections for this proposal: Helen Foster has recommended to the board that the

> The Northshire Hospital Trust operates two types of specialist X-ray scanning machine, XR1 and XR50. Details for the next period are estimated as follows: A brain scan is normally carried out on machine type XR1: this task uses special X-ray plates cos

> A company manufactures and retails clothing. You are required to group the costs that are listed below and numbered (1) – (20) into the following classifications (each cost is intended to belong to only one classification): (i). direct materials; (ii). d

> From the information given below you are required to: (a). Prepare a standard cost sheet for one unit and enter on the standard cost sheet the costs to show sub-totals for: (i). prime cost; (ii). variable production cost; (iii). total production cost; (i

> Many low-cost carriers such as easyJet and Ryanair regularly offer flights to customers at low prices. They continue to do this even during depressed economic times. Both continued to make good profits in 2015 with easyJet posting pre-tax profits of £686

> The Rosrock Housing Association has two types of housing estate in the Rosburgh area (A and B). The following information is available: (i) The association has its own squad of painters who carry out painting and decorating work on the housing estates. T

> A company is to carry out a major modernization of its factory commencing in two weeks, time. During the modernization, which is expected to take four weeks to complete, no production of the company’s single product will be possible. The following additi

> D Limited is preparing its annual budgets for the year to 31 December. It manufactures and sells one product, which has a selling price of £150. The marketing director believes that the price can be increased to £160 with effect from 1 July and that at t

> The evidence of many recent studies suggests that there are major differences between current theories of investment appraisal and the methods which firms actually use in evaluating long-term investments. You are required to: (a). present theoretical ar

> Parsifal Ltd is a private company whose ordinary shares are all held by its directors. The chairman has recently been impressed by the arguments advanced by a computer salesman, who has told him that Parsifal will be able to install a fully operational c

> The general manager of the nationalized postal service of a small country, Zedland, wishes to introduce a new service. This service would offer same-day delivery of letters and parcels posted before 10am within a distance of 150 kilometers. The service w

> Pavgrange plc is considering expanding its operations. The company accountant has produced pro forma profit and loss accounts for the next three years assuming that: (a). The company undertakes no new investment. (b). The company invests in Project 1. (c

> Eltern plc is an unlisted company with a turnover of £6 million which runs a small fleet of taxis as part of its business. The managers of the company wish to estimate how regularly to replace the taxis. The fleet costs a total of Â&po

> Eckard plc is a large, all-equity financed, divisional zed textile company whose shares are listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a current cost of capital of 15 per cent. The annual performance of its four divisions is assessed by their return on

> LF Ltd wishes to manufacture a new product. The company is evaluating two mutually exclusive machines, the Reclo and the Bunger. Each machine is expected to have a working life of four years and is capable of a maximum annual output of 150 000 units. Cos

> Allan Stratton is a cost management consultant with over 35 years of experience, who shares the benefit of his experience providing tools and resources via the internet. In one of his articles he describes how cost structures vary for different industrie

> Chinese computer manufacturer Lenovo had an annual turnover of $45 billion for the year-ended 31 March 2016, of which 66 per cent was in the personal computer market. This market includes desktops, tablets and notebooks. A report on the internet in Octob

> The side chain of tryptophan is not considered to be basic, despite the fact that it possesses a nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Explain

> When leucine is prepared with an amidomalonate synthesis, isobutylene (also called 2methylpropene) is a gaseous by-product. Draw a mechanism for the formation of this by-product.

> Draw the alkyl halide that would be necessary to make the amino acid tyrosine using an amidomalonate synthesis. This alkyl halide is highly susceptible to polymerization. Draw the structure of the expected polymeric material.

> Draw a mechanism for the following reaction: H,N. N. HO. HO. ألها

> A proline residue will often appear at the end of an α helix but will rarely appear in the middle. Explain why proline generally cannot be incorporated into an α helix.

> Draw the structure of the protected amino acid that must be anchored to the solid support in order to use a Merrifield synthesis to prepare leucine enkephalin. (N terminus) Try-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu (C terminus)

> Identify all of the steps necessary to prepare the tripeptide Leu-Val-Ala with a Merrifield synthesis.

> Identify the steps you would use to combine Val-Leu and Phe-Ile to form the tetrapeptide Phe- Ile-Val-Leu.

> Draw all four possible dipeptides that are obtained when a mixture of L-phenylalanine and L-alanine is treated with DCC.

> Show all steps necessary to make the dipeptide Phe-Ala from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine.

> Draw the structure of the product with the molecular formula C10H10O that is obtained when the compound below is heated with aqueous acid. - CN H,0" Нeat

> Predict the major product(s) of the reaction between L-valine and: a. MeOH, H+ b. Di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate c. NaOH, H2O d. HCl

> When the N terminus of a peptide is acetylated, the peptide derivative that is formed is unreactive toward phenyl isothiocyanate. Explain. Acetylation PEPTIDE H. 'N' PEPTIDE H Zーエ

> Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that, with insulin, regulates blood glucose levels. Glucagon is comprised of 29 amino acid residues. Treatment with trypsin yields four fragments, while treatment with chymotrypsin yields six fragmen

> Treatment of a tripeptide with phenyl isothiocyanate yields compound A and a dipeptide. Treatment of the dipeptide with phenyl isothiocyanate yields compound B and glycine. Identify the structure of the starting tripeptide. HN- HN- S. Compound A Comp

> Identify the N-terminal residue of a peptide that yields the following PTH derivative upon Edman degradation: HN- S.

> Bradykinin has the following sequence: (N terminus) Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg (C terminus) Identify all fragments that will be produced when bradykinin is treated with: a. Trypsin b. Chymotrypsin

> Propose two structures for a tripeptide that contains glycine, L-alanine, and L-phenylalanine, but does not react with phenyl isothiocyanate.

> Green fluorescent protein (GFP), first isolated from bioluminescent jellyfish, is a protein containing 238 amino acid residues. The discovery of GFP has revolutionized the field of fluorescence microscopy, which enables biochemists to monitor the biosynt

> It is believed that penicillin antibiotics are biosynthesized from amino acid precursors. Identify the two amino acids that are most likely utilized during the biosynthesis of penicillin antibiotics: -N- COOH I-Z

> From its amino acid sequence, draw the form of aspartame that is expected to predominate at physiological pH: Asp-Phe-OCH3

> 91. What is the major product of this reaction? 92. Which structure is NOT an intermediate in the following reaction? 93. Which reagents can be used to make this compound? N-H ? Catalytic H+ (-H0) но. N. NH. HO N- (b) (c) (d) OCH,CH, Catalytic

> Methionine enkephalin is a pentapeptide that is produced by the body to control pain. From the sequence of its amino acid residues, draw a bondline structure of methionine enkephalin. N terminus C terminus Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met Methionine enkephalin

> Draw a bond-line structure of the peptide that corresponds with the following sequence of amino acid residues and identify the N terminus and C terminus: Trp-Val-Ser-Met-Gly-Glu

> Draw the predominant form of Asp-Lys-Phe at physiological pH.

> Using three-letter abbreviations, identify all possible acyclic tripeptides containing L-leucine, L-methionine, and L-valine.

> Using an asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation, identify the starting alkene that you would use to make L-histidine.