Question: The Herbolt Company is considering a new

> What is a qualitative advantage of making rather than buying a component?

> Give an example of a fixed cost that is not sunk but is still irrelevant.

> What is the proper approach to analyzing whether a product line should be dropped?

> What are avoidable costs?

> Why are sunk costs irrelevant in decision making?

> What are differential costs and revenues?

> Preston Concrete is a major supplier of concrete to residential and commercial builders in the Pacific Northwest. The company’s policy is to price deliveries at 25 percent over full cost per cubic yard (including an allowance for administrative costs). A

> Galloway University Medical Center (GUMC) has a top rated medical facility that draws patients from a three state area. On the day of discharge from the GUMC hospital, most patients fill their prescriptions from the GUMC pharmacy. However, when it comes

> The product design team at New Time Products is in the process of designing a clock using target costing. Product features in comparison to competing products suggest a price of $35 per unit. The company requires a profit of 30 percent of selling price.

> A new product is being designed by an engineering team at Odin Security. Several managers and employees from the cost accounting department and the marketing department are also on the team to evaluate the product and determine the cost using a target co

> A cross-functional team at Mazzor Systems is developing a new product using the target costing methodology. Product features in comparison to competing products suggest a price of $2,800 per unit. The company requires a profit of 25 percent of selling pr

> Flamingos to Go is a service company owned by Irvin Vonnet that will “plant” plastic flamingos on a special day in people’s yards to help celebrate and advertise birthdays, births, anniversaries, and other important milestones. The average delivery is pr

> What is the lowest per unit price on a special order that a company could accept and still not show a loss from the special order?

> Explain the target costing process. How is it calculated?

> Explain why less profitable customers may become more profitable if a supplier switches to activity-based pricing.

> Why is cost-plus pricing inherently circular for a manufacturing firm?

> As manager of the waste treatment facility for the city of Columbus Park, Illinois, Ann Paxton is in the process of preparing an annual expense budget. While eating lunch at her desk, she thought about the coming year. “Next year, my department will prob

> The Abruzzi Olive Oil Company is a small producer of premium olive oil. Cheryl Sounders, the owner of Abruzzi, is currently developing a budget spreadsheet to explore the impact of various sales goals on production. In 2017, the company had monthly sales

> Juniper Packaging Solutions provides custom packaging products to companies all over the United States. With five production facilities, the company produces cardboard boxes, plastic and steel drums, aluminum bottles, and absorbent pouches and bags. Comp

> Sergo Games produces a variety of action games including a flight simulation game, Airport 10, which sold more than 800,000 copies in the past year. The programs are run on computers, and the company operates an in-house production facility that manufact

> What are the advantages of evaluating projects using the net present value and internal rate of return methods instead of the payback and accounting rate of return methods?

> How is the internal rate of return (IRR) determined if there are uneven cash flows?

> What is a “special order”? How does whether a company is operating at capacity or not matter in deciding whether to accept the special order?

> Explain how the profit-maximizing price is calculated. Why is the profit-maximizing price extremely difficult to calculate for an actual product?

> How is cost allocation used in customer profitability analysis?

> To implement target costing for a new product, companies often set up a cross-functional team with members from engineering, marketing, and cost accounting. Why is a cross- functional team desirable when implementing the target costing approach?

> According to economic theory, how would a manager determine the profit-maximizing price for a product or service?

> What are the disadvantages of the cost-plus approach to pricing?

> Why does the failure to consider soft benefits discourage investment?

> Why may managers concentrate on the short-run profitability of investments rather than their net present values?

> How are cash flows affected as a result of the tax consequences of depreciation?

> What is the cost of equity financing?

> How do the net present value and the internal rate of return methods differ in their approach to evaluating investment alternatives?

> What are the two approaches for evaluating investments that take into account the time value of money?

> Why is it important to take into account the time value of money when making capital budgeting decisions?

> What is a capital expenditure decision?

> Prepare a performance report for Imperial Data Devices using the budget information from Exercise 10-14 and the next performance information. During the period, Imperial produced 13,000 units and incurred the following costs: From exercise 10-14: Expect

> Expected manufacturing costs for Imperial Data Devices are as follows: Required: Estimate manufacturing costs for production levels of 12,000 units, 15,000 units, and 17,000 units per month. Variable Costs Fixed Costs per Month Supervisory salaries

> Mississippi Retailers expects credit sales in the next quarter as follows: April……..$ 80,000 May…………90,000 June………. 113,000 Prior experience has shown that 70 percent of a month’s sales are collected in the month of sale, 20 percent are collected in the

> Prepare quarterly manufacturing overhead budgets for Roehler Industrial for 2017, using the production information from Exercise 10-7. Roehler has overhead costs as follows: From exercise 10-7: Roehler Industrial has estimated that production for the ne

> Prepare quarterly direct labor budgets for Roehler Industrial for 2017, using the production information in Exercise 10-7. It takes 3.0 hours of direct labor to produce each finished unit of product. Direct labor costs are $20 per hour. Each employee can

> VitaPup produces a vitamin-enhanced dog food that is sold in Kansas. The company expects sales to be 13,000 bags in January, 14,900 bags in February, 19,400 bags in March, and 22,000 bags in April. There are 1,300 bags on hand at the start of January. Vi

> Oregon Adventures provides tours of scenic locations in Oregon. The company expects tours taken to increase dramatically compared with the prior year. For the past year, 2017, the number of tours given were as follows: First quarter……………6,000 Second quar

> Explain why a budget-based compensation scheme may encourage a manager to shift income from the current period to a future period if expected performance is quite high (e.g., greater than 120 percent of budgeted performance). How could the income shiftin

> At the start of 2018, the New Orleans Fine Food Company budgeted before-tax income as follows: Actual before tax income for 2018 was: Required: Florence Roden, the owner of the company, is pleased that sales were much higher than planned, but she also

> An investment that costs $85,000 will return $35,000 per year for 5 years. Determine the net present value of the investment if the required rate of return is 12 percent. (Ignore taxes.) Should the investment be undertaken?

> Suppose you face the prospect of receiving $1,200 per year for the next 7 years plus an extra $950 payment at the end of 7 years. Determine how much this prospect is worth today if the required rate of return is 15 percent.

> Generally speaking, the cost of capital for a food-processing company is lower than the cost of capital for a company that runs casinos. Briefly expain why this is the case.

> Explain why interest expense is not treated as a cash outflow in capital budgeting decisions made using net present value (NPV) analysis.

> A company is making an investment of $2,500,000 that will yield the following cash flows: Year 1……………$ 250,000 Year 2……………$ 440,000 Year 3……………$ 650,000 Year 4……………$ 850,000 Year 5……………..$1,102,765 Required: What is the internal rate of return of the

> Newport Department Store is considering development of an e-commerce business. The company estimates that development will require an initial outlay of $1,300,000. Other cash flows will be as follows: Year 1…………… ($750,000) Year 2……………..$221,000 Year 3…

> Great Northern Fishing Company is contemplating the purchase of a new smoker. The smoker will cost $60,000 but will generate additional revenue of $34,000 per year for 6 years. Additional costs, other than depreciation, will equal $12,000 per year. The s

> WesternGear.com is expected to have operating losses of $350,000 in its first year of business and $270,000 in its second year. However, the company expects to have income before taxes of $400,000 in its third year and $650,000 in its fourth year. The co

> Examine Table B9-1 in Appendix B. Explain why the numbers decrease as you move from left to right in a given row. Explain why the numbers decrease as you move from top to bottom in a given column. Table B9-1: TABLE B9-1 Present value of $1 due in n

> Sally Omar is the manager of the office products division of Wallace Enterprises. In this position, her annual bonus is based on an appraisal of return on investment (ROI) measured as Division income ÷ End-of-year division assets (net of accumulated depr

> Reece Jewelry has 45 stores in major malls around the country. The company is considering starting an online business, ReeceJewelry.com, which will require a substantial investment in technology. Required: Identify a potential benefit of the online bus

> LowCostDrugs.com is an online drugstore. Recently the company used a computer program to analyze the purchase behavior of customers sorted by zip code and found that customers in some zip codes are, on average, less price sensitive than customers in othe

> Riemers Jewelry operates 45 stores in major shopping malls around the country, and Walter Chan is the manager of a store in Dallas. The company is in the third quarter of 2017 and is beginning preparation of its fiscal 2018 budget. Typically, the company

> What is the difference between the top-down and the bottom-up approach to developing a budget?

> Why are budgets useful in the control process?

> Why is there an inherent conflict between planning and control uses of budgets?

> How would performance be evaluated if there were no budgets?

> The number of defects in a manufacturing process is an example of a nonmonetary measure of employee performance. Describe a financial measure that captures the effect of defects.

> Explain the difference between a static and a flexible budget.

> What are the main purposes of preparing a cash budget?

> How does use of a spreadsheet program facilitate “what if” analysis in budgeting?

> What is meant by a zero-based budget?

> Determine the order in which the following budgets are generally prepared. a. Material purchases budget b. Sales budget c. Budgeted income statement d. Production budget

> Write a paragraph that explains why a budget-based compensation scheme may lead managers to create budget slack.

> Why are budgets useful in the planning process?

> Erin Chang, an employee of Solutions Company, worked 48 hours during the week of October 12 through 18. Her rate of pay is $17.50 per hour, and she receives time-and-a-half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week. Chang is married and claims two allo

> On December 31, Marchant Company took a physical count of its merchandise inventory. It operates under the perpetual inventory system. The physical count amounted to $185,294. The Merchandise Inventory account shows a balance of $187,936. Journalize the

> Explain the calculation of net sales and net purchases.

> Jim Moss, an employee of Jones International, worked 49 hours during the week of April 4 through 10. His rate of pay is $15 per hour, and he receives time and a half for work in excess of 40 hours per week. Jim is married and claims four allowances on hi

> For the third quarter of the year, Barney Construction, 715 Red Rock Boulevard, San Francisco, California 94121, received Form 941 from the District Office of the Internal Revenue Service. The identification number for Barney Construction is 91-7382476.

> Basga Company uses the periodic inventory system. Beginning inventory amounted to $241,072. A physical count reveals that the latest inventory amount is $256,339. Record the adjusting entries, using T accounts.

> When the bank statement is received on July 3, it shows a balance, before reconciliation, of $5,200 as of June 30. After reconciliation, the adjusted balance is $3,100. If one deposit in transit amounted to $1,200, what was the total of the outstanding c

> On October 31, the Vermillion Igloos Hockey Club received $800,000 in cash in advance for season tickets for eight home games. The transaction was recorded as a debit to Cash and a credit to Unearned Admissions. By December 31, the end of the fiscal year

> Rick Davis, an employee of ABC Motors, worked 42 hours during the week of September 12 through 18. His rate of pay is $30 per hour, and he receives time-a-half for work in excess of 40 hours per week. Rick is married and claims zero allowances on his W-4

> For the third quarter of the year, Johnson Company, 415 Circle Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60652, received Form 941 from the Internal Revenue Service. The identification number of Johnson Company is 91-4213171. Its payroll for the quarter ended September 3

> Jennifer Ross, an employee of Hampton Company, worked 44 hours during the week of February 9 through 15. Her rate of pay is $30 per hour, and she receives time-and-a-half for work in excess of 40 hours per week. She is married and claims two allowances o

> Using the following information, prepare the Cost of Goods Sold section of an income statement. Purchases Discounts …………………………………………….. $ 8,500 Merchandise Inventory, December 31 ……………………. 189,000 Purchases ……………………………………………………………. 476,000 Merchandise I

> Calculate the missing items in the following:

> In the closing procedure, what happens to (a) Purchases Discounts, (b) Sales Returns and Allowances, (c) Freight In, and (d) Gain on Disposal of Property and Equipment?

> On an income statement, what is the difference between income from operations and net income? Which is more useful in comparing the results of operations over a number of years?

> On a balance sheet, what is the difference between Current Liabilities and Long-Term Liabilities? Give an example of an account in each classification.

> What is the difference between the cost of goods available for sale and the cost of goods sold?

> What could happen if a business spent the cash it received in advance for services it promised to perform at a later date?

> The owner of a motorcycle shop allows his two sons to take motorcycles home to try them out on different types of surfaces because he believes that his sons need to be familiar with the products they sell. Sometimes the motorcycles are not returned to th

> On November 1, an exterior painting company received $5,310 for a paint job that will not be finished for a few months. As of December 31, which is the end of the fiscal period, $2,400 worth of painting will not have been completed. The bookkeeper comple

> You have a friend who is a seamstress specializing in Renaissance costumes. She receives cash well in advance of the required date, often in the fiscal period prior to the date of delivery of the costume, not only to enable her to purchase material but a

> Hosung Company’s Cash account shows a balance of $801.65 as of August 31 of this year. The balance on the bank statement on that date is $1,383. Checks for $260.50, $425.10, and $331.00 are outstanding. The bank statement shows a check issued by another

> Burt’s Bees describes itself as an “Earth-Friendly, Natural Personal Care Company” that produces products for health, beauty, and personal hygiene. The company manufactures over 197 products distributed in nearly 30,000 retail outlets worldwide. As a mer

> A portion of Johnson’s Farm Supply work sheet for the year ended December 31 follows: Required 1. Determine the entries that appeared in the Adjustments columns and prepare the general journal entries for the adjustments in the genera

> A portion of the work sheet of Habib Company for the year ended December 31 follows. Required 1. Determine the entries that appeared in the Adjustments columns and present them in general journal form on page 41. 2. Determine the net income for the yea

> A portion of Anderson Publishing’s work sheet for the year ended December 31 follows: Required 1. Determine the entries that appeared in the Adjustments columns and prepare the general journal entries for the adjustments. If using Wor

> A portion of the work sheet of Sadie’s Flowers for the year ended December 31 is as follows: Required 1. Determine the entries that appeared in the Adjustments columns and present them in general journal form on page 41. 2. Determine

> On December 31, the end of the year, the accountant for Fireside Magazine was called away suddenly because of an emergency. However, before leaving, the accountant jotted down a few notes pertaining to the adjustments. Journalize the necessary adjusting

> Journalize the required adjusting entries for the year ended December 31 for Butler Spa and Pool Accessories. Butler Spa and Pool Accessories uses the periodic inventory system. a–b. On December 31, a physical count of inventory was taken. The physical c

> Indicate the work sheet columns (Income Statement Debit, Income Statement Credit, Balance Sheet Debit, Balance Sheet Credit) in which the balances of the following accounts should appear: a. S. Moon, Drawing b. Utilities Expense c. Merchandise Inventory