Question: What are the two basic mechanisms through

> Explain how the DuPont identity allows us to evaluate a firm’s performance?

> List some of the problems that financial analysts confront when analyzing financial statements?

> What are the limitations on traditional financial statement analysis?

> Explain what the SIC codes are, and discuss the pros and cons of using them in financial analysis?

> In what three ways can a financial manager choose a benchmark?

> What is the equation for ROA in the DuPont system, and how do the factors in that equation influence the ratio?

> What is the purpose of the DuPont system of analysis?

> What are the three major shortcomings of ROE?

> Why is the effective annual rate (EAR) superior to the annual percentage rate (APR) in measuring the true economic cost or return?

> List the profitability ratios discussed in this section, and explain how they differ from each other?

> List the leverage ratios discussed in this section, and explain how they are related?

> What are the efficiency ratios, and what do they measure? Why, for some firms, is the total asset turnover more important than the fixed asset turnover?

> What are common-size, or standardized, financial statements, and how are they prepared?

> Why does it make sense to standardize financial statements?

> What is the primary concern of a firm’s creditors?

> Which type of tax rate, marginal or average, should be used in analyzing the expansion of a product line, and why?

> What does it mean when a firm’s cash flow to investors is negative?

> Explain how the four financial statements are related?

> What is EBITDA, and what does it measure?

> Explain whether or not each of the following statements is correct. a. A 15-year mortgage will have larger monthly payments than a 30-year mortgage of the same amount and same interest rate. b. If an investment pays 10 percent interest compounded annuall

> What is the difference between book value and market value?

> What are some objections to the preparation of marked-to-market balance sheets?

> What types of information does a firm’s annual report contain?

> What is the realization principle, and why may it lead to a difference in the timing of when revenues are recognized on the books and cash is collected?

> Explain why interest rates follow the business cycle?

> Explain how the real rate of interest is determined?

> What is an IPO, and what role does an investment banker play in the process?

> What are some services that commercial banks provide to businesses?

> What is strong-form market efficiency? Semistrong-form market efficiency? Weak-form market efficiency?

> How and why do large business firms use money markets?

> Suppose three investments have equal lives and multiple cash flows. A high discount rate tends to favor: a. The investment with large cash flows early. b. The investment with large cash flows late. c. The investment with even cash flows. d. None of the i

> Why might a firm prefer to have a security issue underwritten by an investment banking firm?

> What critical economic role does the financial system play in the economy?

> What is a conflict of interest in a business setting?

> What are corporate raiders?

> Why is profit maximization an unsatisfactory goal for managing a firm?

> What is the fundamental determinant of an asset’s value?

> Explain why maximizing the current market price of a firm’s stock is an appropriate goal for the firm’s management?

> Identify three financial officers who typically report to the CFO and describe their duties?

> Explain why professional partnerships such as physicians’ groups organize as limited liability partnerships?

> What are some advantages and disadvantages of operating as a public corporation?

> Identify the steps involved in computing the future value when you have multiple cash flows?

> Explain why you would make an investment if the value of the expected cash flows exceeds the cost of the project?

> What are the three most basic types of financial decisions managers must make?

> Why are capital budgeting decisions among the most important decisions in the life of a firm?

> In the chapter text, you saw that the formula for a growing perpetuity can be obtained from the formula for the present value of a growing annuity if n is set equal to ∞. It is also possible to go the other way. In other words, the present value of a gro

> In this chapter we showed that the formula for a perpetuity can be obtained from the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity if n is set equal to ∞. It is also possible to go the other way. In other words, the present value of an ordinary an

> What are agency costs? Explain.

> Why is stock value maximization superior to profit maximization as a goal for management?

> Identify three fundamental types of decisions that financial managers make and identify which part of the balance sheet each of these decisions affects?

> Bigbox, Inc. has bonds outstanding that will mature in eight years. These bonds pay interest semiannually and have a coupon rate of 4.6 percent. If the bonds are currently selling at $888.92, what is the yield to maturity that an investor who buys them t

> What is the Rule of 72?

> You are considering investing in a 10-year zero coupon bond that compounds interest semiannually. If the current market rate is 5.65 percent, what is the maximum price you should have pay for this bond?

> Seven years ago Eastern Corporation issued 20-year bonds that had a $1000 face value, paid interest annually, and that had a coupon rate of 7 percent. If the market rate of interest is 5.5 percent today, what is the current market price of an Eastern Cor

> Why does an investor want a diversified portfolio? Can an investor eliminate all risk?

> What would you recommend to an investor who is considering making an investment in a stock which plots below the security market line (SML)? Explain.

> You are considering investing in a mutual fund. The fund is expected to earn a return of 15 percent in the next year. If its annual return is normally distributed with a standard deviation of 6.5 percent, what return can you expect the fund to beat 95 pe

> A credit card offers financing at an APR of 18 percent, with monthly compounding on outstanding charges. What is the effective annual rate (EAR)?

> Annalise Genric wants to open a restaurant in a historic building. The property can be leased for 20 years, but not purchased. She believes her restaurant can generate a net cash flow of $76,000 the first year and expects an annual growth rate of 4 perce

> You plan to set up an endowment at your alma mater that will fund $200,000 of scholarships each year indefinitely. If the principal (the amount you donate) can be invested at 5.5 percent, compounded annually, how much do you need to donate to the univers

> Freisinger, Inc., is expecting a new project to start paying off, beginning at the end of next year. It expects cash flows to be as follows: If Freisinger can reinvest these cash flows to earn a return of 7.8 percent, what is the future value of this ca

> Compound growth is exponential over time. Explain?

> The state of Texas had 42,725 active patient care physicians in 2013 and by 2017 this number had grown to 47,663. What was the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the number of active care physicians during this period?

> Tina DeLeon deposited $2,500 today in an account paying 6 percent interest annually. What would be the simple interest earned on this investment in five years? With annual compounding, how much interest-on-interest would Tina earn in five years?

> Christopher Thompkins must decide how to invest $10,000 that he just inherited. What would be the future value of his investment after five years under each of the following three investment opportunities? a. 6.28% compounded quarterly. b. 6.20% compound

> Juliette Bronson anticipates needing $500,000 to start a business. If she can earn 4.5 percent compounded annually on her investments, how much money would Juliette have to invest today to have $500,000 in three years?

> National City Bank has 646,749,650 shares of common stock outstanding that are currently selling for $37.55 per share on the New York Stock Exchange. If National City’s net income was $2,780,955,000 in the year that just ended, what was its earnings per

> Last year Pontiff Enterprises reported net sales of $13,144,680, a gross profit $4,127,429, EBIT of $2,586,150, and net income of $867,555. Compute Pontiff’s cost of goods sold, gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin?

> Refer to the preceding balance sheet and income statement for Greenfern Corporation for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2017. Use the DuPont identity to calculate the return on equity (ROE). In the process, calculate the following ratios: net profit margi

> Refer to the preceding balance sheet and income statement for Greenfern Corporation for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2017. Calculate the following ratios: Refer to the income statement of Greenfern Corporation: Greenfern Corporation recently filed th

> Refer to the preceding balance sheet and income statement for Greenfern Corporation for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2017. What are the company’s current ratio and quick ratio? What do these ratios tell us about Greenfern? Refer to t

> Sun Devil Corporation reported EBITDA of $7,300,125 and net income of $3,328,950 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. During the same period, the company had $1,155,378 in interest expense, $1,023,285 in depreciation and amortization expense, and

> Your grandfather has agreed to deposit a certain amount of money each year into an account paying 7.25 percent annually to help you go to graduate school. Starting next year, and for the following four years, he plans to deposit $2,250, $8,150, $7,675, $

> True Blue Company increased its investments in marketable securities by $323,370 and paid $1,220,231 for new fixed assets during 2017. The company also repaid $779,200 of existing long-term debt while raising $913,455 of new debt capital. In addition, Tr

> ACME Corporation had revenues of $867,030 in 2017. It also had expenses (excluding depreciation) of $356,240, depreciation of $103,456, and interest expense of $52,423. What was the company’s net income after taxes if its average tax rate was 40 percent?

> What is the difference between a book-value balance sheet and a market-value balance sheet? Which provides better information to investors and management?

> Wolf Pack Enterprises has total current assets of $346,002 and fixed assets of $476,306. The company also has long-term debt of $276,400, $100,000 in its common stock account, and retained earnings of $187,567. What is the value of its total current liab

> What is the matching principle, and how can it cause accounting expenses to differ from actual cash outflows?

> How are brokers different from dealers?

> Identify seven mechanisms that can help better align the goals of managers with those of stockholders?

> What is the difference between FIFO and LIFO accounting?

> Given the following information about Elkridge Sporting Goods, Inc., construct a balance sheet for June 30, 2017. On that date the firm had cash and marketable securities of $25,135, accounts receivables of $43,758, inventory of $167,112, net fixed asset

> Xenix Corp had sales of $353,866 in 2017. If management expects its sales to be $476,450 in three years, what is the rate at which the company’s sales are expected to grow?

> Kronka, Inc., is expecting cash inflows of $13,000, $11,500, $12,750, and $9,635 over the next four years. What is the present value of these cash flows if the appropriate discount rate is 8 percent?

> You have just inherited $550,000. You plan to save this money and continue to live off the money that you are earning in your current job. If you can invest the money in a bond that pays 4.6 percent interest annually, how long will it be before your inhe

> Neon Lights Company is a private company with sales of $1.3 million a year. Management wants to take the company public but has to wait until the sales reach $2 million. If the sales are expected to grow 12 percent annually, when is the earliest that Neo

> You are able to deposit $850 in a bank CD today, and you will withdraw the money only once the balance is $1,000. If the bank pays 5 percent interest, how long will it take for the balance to reach $1,000?

> Samantha plans to invest some money so that she has $5,500 at the end of three years. How much should she invest today given the following choices: a. 4.2 percent compounded daily. b. 4.9 percent compounded monthly. c. 5.2 percent compounded quarterly.

> Find the present value of $3,500 under each of the following rates and periods. a. 8.9% compounded monthly for five years. b. 6.6% compounded quarterly for eight years. c. 4.3% compounded daily for four years. d. 5.7% compounded continuously for three ye

> Find the future value of an investment of $2,500 made today for the following rates and periods: a. 6.25 percent compounded semiannually for 12 years b. 7.63 percent compounded quarterly for 6 years c. 8.9 percent compounded monthly for 10 years d. 10 pe

> Ted Rogers is investing $7,500 in a bank CD that pays a 6 percent annual interest. How much will the CD be worth at the end of five years?

> You decide to take advantage of the current online dating craze and start your own Web site. You know that you have 450 people who will sign up immediately and, through a careful marketing research and analysis, determine that membership can grow by 27 p

> CelebNav, Inc., had sales last year of $700,000, and the analysts are predicting a good year for the start-up, with sales growing 20 percent a year for the next three years. After that, the sales should grow 11 percent per year for two years, at which ti

> Your finance textbook sold 53,250 copies in its first year. The publishing company expects the sales to grow at a rate of 20 percent each year for the next three years and by 10 percent in the fourth year. Calculate the total number of copies that the pu

> Highland Corp., a U.S. company, has a five-year bond whose yield to maturity is 6.5 percent. The bond has no coupon payments. What is the price of this zero coupon bond?

> Using the 2017 data above for Abercrombie Supply Company calculate the following liquidity ratios: a. Current ratio b. Quick ratio

> You invest $150 in a mutual fund today that pays 9 percent interest annually. How long will it take to double your money?

> You are in desperate need of cash and turn to your uncle, who has offered to lend you some money. You decide to borrow $1,300 and agree to pay back $1,500 in two years. Alternatively, you could borrow from your bank that is charging 6.5 percent interest

> Elizabeth Sweeney wants to accumulate $12,000 by the end of 12 years. If the annual interest rate is 7 percent and interest compounds semiannually, how much will she have to invest today to achieve her goal?

> You want to buy some bonds that will have a value of $1,000 at the end of seven years. The bonds pay 4.5 percent interest annually. How much should you pay for them today?