Question: Explain the legal concept of assignment of

> Morales owns a bakery that makes and sells the popular “Morales Chocolate Chip Cookie” nationally to gourmet stores. The recipe for the cookie is a closely held trade secret and has never been published. Morales hires Ng as a production manager and has N

> Harley set up a trust, naming himself as trustee, and transferred his entire estate to the trust. The trust was intended to provide him with a lifetime income. After his death, the income from the trust was to be paid to his wife. After her death, the in

> Popov despised lawyers and refused to have one prepare his will. Instead he went online, got information about estate planning, and wrote a will in his own handwriting in which he left his entire estate to his brother and $1 to each of his three children

> Gruen suffered from Alzheimer’s disease (a form of progressive mental illness that generally occurs during old age) and lived in a nursing home. His sister, whom he had not seen since they were teenagers, instituted proceedings to have him declared menta

> Discuss the principle of estoppel and provide examples of how this principle is applied in various situations.

> Perez rented a vacant building, signing a lease indicating that he would open a movie theater. When Perez began operations, the theater specialized in art and classic films. After several months, however, it became apparent that the business was doomed t

> Patsos rented a vacant warehouse for five years with the stated purpose of opening a wholesale meat distribution company. It was necessary to install a number of large refrigerators and other kinds of equipment to process and store meat. At the end of th

> Maldanado signed a written lease for office space in a commercial building. The lease covered a period of two years and rent was to be paid monthly. At the end of the two years, Maldanado and the landlord began discussions over the terms of a new lease.

> Kenworth took his very expensive watch to Gervey Jewelry for repairs and cleaning. During the week in which the watch remained with the jeweler, it was placed in the store’s vault each night. One night, burglars were able to bypass the burglar alarm, bre

> Ziess, a college student, owned some furniture, a portable TV, and a small refrigerator. At the end of the spring semester, she arranged to store her property in a storage room in her dorm building provided by her college for no charge. The college made

> Ky operated a service station on a road near the Canadian border. As a favor to customers, he frequently stored, without charge, certain items that travelers preferred not to take into Canada. Rowan had planned to cross the border for a day’s visit but d

> Noguchi and his wife purchased a newly built house that had no lawn or any other landscaping. Over several years, they spent many weekends landscaping with expensive and exotic shrubbery and trees. They also had a large above-ground pool installed in the

> Prior to their marriage, LeRoi and her husband, Pillsbury, each held substantial assets. During their marriage, they jointly purchased a home with the income they earned, and LeRoi inherited a substantial amount of money. After four years, they agreed to

> Weber, a customer at a restaurant owned by Hegler, found a wallet on the floor under the table. It contained money but no identification. In an attempt to return it to its rightful owner, she gave it to Hegler with the understanding that if the owner did

> Roche and Hecht owned a boat, which they used for weekend fishing trips. Because both were married and had children, they set up their agreement to own the boat in such a way that if either one died, from any cause, the heirs of the deceased party would

> Distinguish between real and personal property and indicate which is subject to the law of sales.

> Church accepted a three-year-old check that Field endorsed to her. When Church presented the check for payment, the bank refused to honor it and informed Church that the account had been closed for a year. a. Is a person who accepts a demand instrument,

> Laredo found a checkbook belonging to Waldron, drew a check, signed Waldron’s name to it, and gave it to Kelly. The payee, Kelly, endorsed the check to a holder in due course, who presented it to the bank for payment. The bank refused to pay the check. a

> Sikonen gave his check for $5 to Rivera, but in so doing he neglected to fill in the customary wavy line following the amount in the words. Rivera endorsed the check to Montana, who easily increased the amount to $500 and then presented the check to Siko

> Slaff, a 73-year-old retiree, was covered under Medicare for medical expenses. When Slaff experienced difficulty breathing, she visited her family doctor for assistance. Her family doctor referred her to a pulmonologist, a specialist in respiratory illne

> Dokken was employed by a company that provided both HMO and dental insurance coverage. While riding his motorcycle, Dokken had an accident in which he sustained serious injury to his jaw, causing him to lose several teeth and requiring reconstructive sur

> Babinski prepared and duly executed a living will in which he gave explicit instructions not to be resuscitated in the event he became incapacitated or permanently unconscious without hope of recovery. Twelve years later, Babinski had a change of heart a

> ChemPlus Corp. manufactured DeCorr, an industrial chemical widely used to treat various metals to retard corrosion. Gianopoulos was working in a small shop immersing metal parts in a container of DeCorr when a quantity of the chemical spilled on him. Aft

> LeatherLux Corporation, a manufacturer of upscale handbags, had been in business for 20 years and was considered a model corporate citizen. Expanding, the company developed new tanning processes that resulted in noxious fumes and odors being released int

> An electric power company was charged by the EPA with violating the Clean Air Act by allegedly polluting a small town. To solve the allegations of environmental abuse, the company simply purchased the entire town, maintaining that it needed the land to e

> Bryerly, a U.S. sales representative for a U.S. firm, Zoom Airplane Company, was attempting to close a deal with a foreign government for the purchase of 14 jet reconnaissance planes. He knew that competitors from two other countries were also bidding fo

> Discuss the remedies of specific performance and injunction.

> Discuss the main provisions of the commerce clause, the full faith and credit clause, and the supremacy clause.

> Straley Corporation, a manufacturer of hand tools, had been exporting its products to several countries in Europe for 10 years and decided to establish a manufacturing operation there. The directors of the company met to select a country in which to begi

> Katsoulas, a U.S. car dealer, had a contract with a Korean automobile manufacturer for the delivery of several cars. When the manufacturer failed to deliver the cars as promised, Katsoulas threatened to bring the case to the International Court of Justic

> Li, an architect, designed a large ranch-type house for Spadacini. Within two years after construction, the house began to tilt to one side. Li argued that he was not to blame as the house was designed properly and that the problem was due solely to the

> Philasen underwent minor surgery for the removal of his tonsils. Serious complications developed when he was administered penicillin, to which he was allergic. The doctor denied responsibility because he did not know about the allergy. a. Does it seem th

> Weiss, an accountant, prepared the usual accounting records for Malucic, the owner of a clothing store. Malucic entered into negotiations with Walling for the sale of the business, using the records prepared by Weiss to justify a high purchase price. Aft

> Parker, a person with no medical training, gave a prescription drug to Zimmerman, a friend, to alleviate back pain Zimmerman had been experiencing. After taking the drug, Zimmerman drove his automobile, became disoriented, and struck a telephone pole wit

> Eddington operated a toy store and carried merchandise from both domestic as well as foreign manufacturers. As the holiday season approached, he found that he could reduce his costs by importing a stuffed toy from a developing country. One of the toys wa

> Kriz, an elderly man who was quite overweight, purchased a power lawnmower from a nationally known retailer. To start the lawnmower, the user needed to bend down to draw the starter cord. When Kriz bent over, he suffered a heart attack. Kriz sued the ret

> Garafolo was employed as a salesclerk at a liquor store. An armed robber entered the store one day and demanded the cash in the register. When Garafolo hesitated, the robber struck him with a pistol, causing a deep laceration. The robber left without fur

> Widra was a cashier at a large clothing store in her town. Believing her wages were below those offered by the store’s competitors, she began to speak with her co-employees about the possibility of becoming affiliated with a national union. The manager o

> Discuss novation and explain how it differs from assignment.

> Melski was a truck driver with a large shipping company. Pursuant to company policy, all drivers were required to undergo random drug testing. After being tested, Melski was informed that the results were positive. Melksi admitted to being addicted to co

> Killian was hired as a human resources manager for a company that employed about 75 people. She decided that it would be a good idea to publish an employee handbook explaining the many policies of the firm. She began to consider what provisions the handb

> Kule purchased an antique doll for $700 from Elliott through an auction website known as e-Auction. The description of the doll provided by Elliott stated that it was in “good condition,” but when Kule received the doll, she noted that it had a damaged l

> Iago started a restaurant specializing in vegetarian dishes that quickly grew. In order to raise more funds for growth, Iago decided to sell stock in the company to investors through UsFunding, a registered crowdfunding website. Iago intends to keep the

> Mikai developed an exercise device that she sold on a website. Sales were brisk, and she soon discovered that she would need additional funds to purchase materials. She included on the website an invitation to the public to invest in her company by purch

> Stanley is employed as a truck driver by a national company. As he is traveling on a cross-country trip, he discovers a closed road. After several attempts, he is unsuccessful in reaching his employer’s on-call dispatcher to notify the customer of the de

> The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) denied Medicare coverage for the BIO-1000, a piece of durable medical equipment used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee (a degeneration of cartilage and the underlying bone). In a series of decisions, HH

> The Forest Service planned extensive timber cutting in a part of the Green Mountain National Forest but did not prepare an environmental impact statement. A coalition of conservation organizations and environmentalists, believing that the action would ha

> Bronx Reptiles Inc. imported live animals, including reptiles, into the country approximately twice per week. Edelman, the owner, knew of the International Air Transport Association guidelines for importing wildlife— how specific species should be shippe

> Midwest Suspension and Brake supplied rebuilt brake shoes for heavy-duty trucks. During an EPA inspection, numerous emissions of asbestos were documented, and detectable amounts of asbestos were found on the shop floor. The EPA then issued a “finding” th

> Chard completed an educational program in financial planning and was awarded the certification offered by a national association of financial planners. He set up a business to offer his financial planning services to the general public. One of his first

> Agents Mansfield contacted his insurance agent and asked him to obtain an automobile insurance liability policy to be effective as of February 10. On February 14, Mansfield was involved in an accident while operating his car. The agent provided a policy

> The Irvin family had retained Jones as the family accountant for many years. Under the contractual arrangement, Jones paid all bills, provided bookkeeping services, invested family funds and prepared all tax returns for the family. After the family recei

> Smith was represented by Lewis, an attorney, in a divorce action against her husband, General Smith. General Smith was employed by the California National Guard and, as a state employee, belonged to the State Employees’ Retirement System. Lewis advised S

> From the early 1950s until his death from smoking-related lung cancer in 1997, Williams smoked cigarettes, primarily the Marlboro brand, eventually developing a habit of three packs a day. At that point, he spent half his waking hours smoking and was hig

> Merck, a major pharmaceutical company, produced a popular painkiller called Vioxx. Despite the drug being approved by the FDA, several studies linked usage of it to cardiovascular risks relating to heart attacks and strokes. Internal e-mails indicated th

> Gentry, an employee of Export Packaging Company, reported directly to Broughton. Gentry alleged among other things that, during a period of approximately four months, Broughton subjected her to “40 hugs, 15 shoulder rubs, [and] a kiss on her cheek.” She

> Ryder, a police officer in Philadelphia, was alone in his patrol car when he received a radio call of a “man with a gun.” Ryder was the first officer to arrive and was confronted by a suspect brandishing an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle pointed at him. Ryder

> Wojewski, a cardiothoracic surgeon, became a member of the medical staff at Rapid City Regional Hospital. Wojewski’s staff status entitled him to admit patients, use the hospital’s facilities, and perform surgery. Wojewski could also use nurses to assist

> Kenneth Zippo Manufacturing Co. (ZMC) manufactured lighters at its facility in Bradford, Pennsylvania, and sold the lighters internationally. Zippo Dot Com Inc. (ZDC) is a California company that operated a website that allows subscribers to access sexua

> What are the chief provisions of the Statute of Frauds? Can you suggest other agreements that also should be in writing?

> Axeler and AvePoint are competitors producing software products, primarily for the military market. Axeler employees tweeted that “Ouch . . . Another #Federal Deployment Finds Out Where the Competition is Developed . . . #Red- Dragon.” Red Dragon referre

> Rumorville, a daily online newspaper, was part of a journalism forum on the Internet published by Fitzpatrick. Subscribers to CompuServe, an Internet service provider, had access to Rumorville. Skuttlebut was a service that distributed news and gossip ab

> Robert Tappan Morris released onto the Internet a worm that spread and multiplied. The worm found its way into computers at several educational and military sites, causing these computers to crash. Morris was charged with violating section 2(d) of the Co

> Michael A. Smith was a regional operations manager for the Pillsbury Company. In this capacity, he regularly used the company’s e-mail server. The company regularly assured its employees that all e-mail communications would remain confidential and privil

> Timothy R. McVeigh (no relation to the Oklahoma City bomber) was a highly decorated, 17-year veteran of the U.S. Navy. McVeigh was a gay male who, while using an alias, sent an e-mail message to a civilian Navy volunteer through AOL. The volunteer search

> Rural Telephone Service Company was a public utility providing telephone service to several communities in Kansas. Rural published a typical telephone directory consisting of white pages and yellow pages. Feist Publications was a publishing company speci

> Webster R. McGee developed a website using the domain name of “Card Service.” Cardservice International Inc., a separate company, maintained that the term used by McGee was confusingly similar to the word owned by Cardservice. Cardservice filed a lawsuit

> Calvin Designer Label developed a website using the terms Playboy and Playmate to direct users to the site. Calvin also used both terms in the body of its web pages to which users were directed. Playboy Enterprises Inc. owned the trademarks to both words

> Before Dora Diggs, a widow, died, she left a handwritten document that read, “I want Tom R. Preston and Mattie Price to be the administrators (executors) to settle my estate.” Following this she listed various assets. A dispute arose about whether the de

> The trustees of a labor union pension fund delivered various stocks and bonds to a bank under an agreement that provided that the bank would act as the trustees’ agent in investing the fund’s assets. The agreement also provided that the bank was “authori

> Can common law and statutory law operate side by side? What are the advantages of each?

> Aversa, the personal representative of her late father’s estate, was presented with evidence that there was still $12,000 owing on his automobile. Rather than have the car repossessed, she borrowed $6,000 and refinanced the balance. Objection was made on

> Corbin was named as executor in his father’s will. While going through his late father’s papers, he discovered a promissory note made by Fulsom in the amount of $10,000 that reflected a personal loan the decedent had made before he died. Corbin approache

> Harmon, the owner of a suburban house, rented it for one year to Wagner and his wife, who had just moved into the city from another state. Two months after moving into the house, the Wagners divorced, and both husband and wife moved to smaller facilities

> An intruder entered through a window and raped McCutchen in her apartment. McCutchen sued the landlord, Ten Associates, for failure to provide adequate security and failure to warn her of the risk of intrusion through a window. Ten Associates claimed tha

> Knight purchased an apartment building that was occupied by tenants Hallsthammer, Decaprio, and Breit. The day after acquiring the building, Knight informed the tenants that their rent was being increased. A week later, Breit, on behalf of himself and ot

> The Marglin family moved from Indianapolis to New York and rented an apartment smaller than the one they had left. Marglin arranged to have the excess furniture stored at Global Transportation and Storage Company. During the year that the furniture was i

> Gilder entered a parking garage enclosed within the Washington Hilton Hotel, where he was directed to a parking space by an attendant. Some of the spaces were designated for park-and-lock and others were not. He locked the car and kept the keys. When Gil

> Noble, a resident of Washington, D.C., ordered a stereo tuner from a store in Maine. The unit was shipped and was received by McLean, the receptionist/ switchboard operator in Noble’s apartment building. She placed the tuner in a small room where package

> Wall parked his car in the parking lot at O’Hare Airport in Chicago. After he received a parking ticket from a ticket-dispensing machine, an automatic gate was raised and he entered the lot and parked his car in a space of his choosing. On the reverse si

> Paset, a renter of a safety deposit box at Old Orchard Bank and Trust Company, found $6,325 in currency on the seat of a chair in an examination booth in the safety deposit vault. The chair was partially under a table. Paset notified officers of the bank

> Explain the three characteristics of valid consideration and provide an example of an agreement having these characteristics.

> Rae owned a farm and each summer allowed a neighbor, Fuller, to set up a stand on Rae’s property to sell worms to people who drove by on their way to fish in the nearby lake. After 10 years of regularly using the small piece of property, Rae and Fuller h

> Bryer purchased a suburban home. At the time of the sale, the real estate salesperson pointed to a decorative stone fence as the boundary of the property. Because Bryer had several dogs he wanted to keep on his property, he erected a chain-link fence on

> Gentilotti, father of an illegitimate son, drew a check for $20,000 in 1969 payable to the son’s order. The check was dated July 1, 1985, but provided on the face of the check that, should Gentilotti die before that date, “this check shall be payable imm

> Locke gave two promissory notes to Consumer Food Inc. in payment for merchandise he purchased. The notes said, “Buyer agreed to pay to seller.” Consumer Food assigned the notes to Aetna Acceptance Corporation. Were these notes negotiable instruments? [Lo

> Poulakis sold a computer using fraudulent means to Welson, who paid for the machine with a promissory note for $1,200. When Welson discovered the fraud, she refused to honor the note when it was presented for payment by a subsequent holder. Welson claime

> Higgins was a used car dealer. He purchased a Corvette, giving the seller a draft drawn by him on the First State Bank of Albertville in the amount of $8,115. This draft was later presented by the seller to the bank for payment. Meanwhile, Higgins sold t

> Graver gave Srau a postdated check for $2,000 as a deposit on a sailboat as acceptance of Srau’s offer to sell the boat. Later, after Srau sold the boat to someone else, he claimed that the check was not really part of a binding contract because it was p

> Grove Hotel hired Fortas, an electrical contractor, and paid him with a promissory note for $3,400. The note stated that it was “with interest at prevailing bank rates.” Did the stipulation about interest rates affect the negotiability of the note? Princ

> Following months in which Chrysler experienced deepening losses and received billions in bailout funds from the federal government, the company, now referred to as Old Chrysler, filed a bankruptcy petition under Chapter 11. The filing unsuccessfully soug

> Jensen was involved in a motor vehicle accident with Boyer. Jensen brought suit against Boyer, alleging that her negligence caused the accident. Boyer then brought a countersuit against Jensen, claiming that it was actually Jensen’s negligence that cause

> Provide an example of a contracting party offering consideration by doing something that he or she is not legally required to do.

> Melvin and his brother, Russell Ballantyne, formed an oral partnership, which started out as a farming operation but grew into oil and gas exploration. Russell was in charge of the farming operation, while Melvin was in charge of the oil and gas explorat

> Dale, an assistant scoutmaster for the Boy Scouts, lost his position when the organization learned that he was gay. Dale contended that he was the victim of discrimination, while the Boy Scouts argued that they were exercising their First Amendment right

> Holley and Holley, an interracial couple, alleged that they were the victims of discrimination in housing as a result of actions by Crank, an employee of Triad Inc. The Holleys sued Meyer, the sole shareholder, the president, and a broker of Triad. Meyer

> Blodgett, while walking on a public sidewalk, was injured when a large piece of wood fell from a construction job at the offices of Olympic Savings and Loan Association. The construction work was being done by Drury Construction Company. Blodgett sued bo

> Washington purchased an automobile from Courtesy Motor Sales, a Ford automobile dealer. After the car was delivered, she discovered that the car she thought was new was, in fact, used and that the odometer had been turned back to conceal the mileage. Was

> Ferrara made a contract with Perret without informing her that he was acting on behalf of National Steel Wire Company. Ferrara had actual express authority, as provided in his contract of agency with National. The contract was breached and Perret sued Na

> Adano Restaurant Supply, which sells only to commercial customers, sold 200 plastic dishes to Airport Diner. When the owner of the diner attempted to wash the dishes in the dishwasher, they were distorted by the heat. Airport Diner claimed that there was